Circulatory System Notes Major Parts A. Heart 1. Main Purpose: to pump blood throughout the body 2. It’s the size of your fist 3. Electric sparks cause your heart to contract 4. An artificial timer is called a pacemaker 5. Has 4 chambers 6. Valves keep the blood flowing in one direction Heart Video

7. Septum separates the left and right sides of the heart 8. Pericardium is the protective outer layer of the heart B. Blood: made in the bone marrow 1. Blood pressure is a measure of how hard blood is pressing against your blood vessels 2. Normal Blood Pressure is 120/80 a. Top number is systolic, ventricle pumping b. Bottom number is diastolic, ventricle resting Blood Pressure Video

C. Blood Vessels: 3 types 1. Arteries carry blood away from the heart a. The aorta is the body’s largest artery 2. Veins carry blood to the heart a. The vena cava is the major vein that brings blood to the heart 3. Capillaries connect veins and arteries and allow nutrients to pass in and out Blood Vessel Video

D. Blood Parts 1. Plasma a. Liquid part made mostly of water b. 55% of blood is plasma c. Carries digested food and cell wastes 2. Red Blood Cells a. Job is to pick up oxygen and nutrients and carry them to the body’s cells b. They live for 100-120 days c. Produced (made) in the bone marrow

3. White Blood Cells a. Job is to fight germs inside your body b. They produce antibodies which kill germs c. Produced in the spleen and lymph nodes 4. Platelets a. Job is to help blood clot b. Produced in bone cells in bone marrow c. Fibrinogen is a substance that causes platelets to stick together

E. Other Important Organs 1. lungs: give blood oxygen 2. stomach: intestines leak nutrients into capillaries 3. spleen: creates new white blood cells 4. kidneys: removes waste from blood 5. liver: controls blood sugar, gets rid of poisons, stores nutrients, makes plasma

Blood Types A. Type O blood 1. called the universal donor 2. 43% of people have Type O blood 3. has no antigens so it can be donated to all other types B. Type A blood 1. has the A antigen 2. 40% of people have Type A blood

C. Type B blood 1. Has the B antigen 2. 12% of people have Type B blood D. Type AB blood 1. called the universal recipient 2. 5 % of people have Type AB blood 3. has both A and B antigens

Heart Disease A. Number #1 killer of people in the US B. There are 8 causes: 1. heredity 2. smoking 3. excessive drinking 4. high blood pressure 5. lack of exercise 6. stress 7. high fat foods 8. high cholesterol Heart Disease Video

C. Atherosclerosis: a fatty build up in the arteries which can decrease blood flow and cause a heart attack. 1. Treatments (mild case) a. low fat diet b. medication c. moderate exercise 2. Treatments (severe case) a. Angioplasty b. Bypass surgery

C. Heart Attack: happens when part of the heart muscles dies when an artery gets clogs. 1. Some warning signs are: a. chest pain that shoots down the left arm b. nausea c. dizziness d. shortness of breath e. sweating

1. Angioplasty uses a deflated balloon to open up a clogged artery. D. Heart Procedures 1. Angioplasty uses a deflated balloon to open up a clogged artery. a. The balloon stretches the walls of the vessel so the blood can flow through easily. Angioplasty Video 2. Bypass Surgery is performed when there is a blockage in a major artery. a. A vein is used to replace the blocked artery. It is attached to the aorta and the blocked artery. b. This surgery allows blood to skip the blocked part of the artery. Heart Bypass Video

Circulatory Condition Varicose Veins Causes: veins in legs swell causing blood to pool in the veins. Symptoms: swollen veins & painful legs Diagnosis/Treatment: visual diagnosis and surgery to remove the damaged vein Prevention: exercising, no smoking, avoid standing for long periods of time varicose veins

Circulatory Condition stroke Causes: a small vessel in the brain bursts which is caused by a blocked artery Symptoms: numbness on one side of the body, headaches, dizziness & loss of balance Diagnosis/Treatment: diagnosis depends on symptoms & treatments are speech therapy, PT, OT Prevention: exercising, no smoking, good diet stroke test

Circulatory Condition anemia Causes: too few red blood cells, decrease in iron Symptoms: tiredness, fatigue, weakness, cold hands and feet Diagnosis/Treatment: blood test to diagnose & treatment with iron supplements & high iron diet Prevention: good balanced diet anemia

Circulatory Condition Leukemia Causes: form of cancer where white blood cells multiply very quickly and do not work properly Symptoms: weight loss, fever, bleeding, easy bruising, and swollen lymph nodes Diagnosis/Treatment: blood test to diagnose & treatment is a bone marrow transplant Prevention: no prevention leukemia animation