Social Reform in Antebellum America

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Presentation transcript:

Social Reform in Antebellum America Morality vs. Republicanism Social Reform in Antebellum America

The Second Great Awakening

Growth of Evangelical Protestantism

Camp Meeting

The Second Great Awakening Connection to the market economy? New communication tactics What was the message? Populism Emphasis on “free will”

Immigration

Anti-Catholic sentiment Every Roman Catholic in the known world is under the absolute control of the Catholic Priesthood....And it is this...political influence, this power of the Priesthood to control the Catholic community, and cause a vast multitude of ignorant foreigners to vote as a unit, and thus control the will of the American people, that has engendered this opposition to the Catholic Church. William G. Brownlow, 1856

Know Nothing Demands “Americans must rule America; and to this end, native-born citizens should be selected for all state, federal, or municipal offices of government employment, in preference to naturalized citizens.” 1856 Platform of the American (Know Nothing) Party Immigration be limited Impose a 21-year wait be imposed before an immigrant could become a citizen and vote Limit the sale of liquor Restrict public-school teaching to Protestants, with the Protestant version of the Bible read daily in classrooms

Irish Response Political Educational “the Irish in general are quick of apprehension, active, brave and hospitable; but passionate, ignorant, vain, and superstitious”

Reform Movements

Common Schools Horace Mann and Noah Webster Function of common schools Equalize opportunity “Civilize” the poor

Temperance

American Society for the Promotion of Temperance

Utopian Communities Why did Utopian communities emerge? What did they have in common?

Prisons and asylums

Abolition American Colonization Society American Anti-Slavery Society Gag Rule

Seneca Falls Convention “a history of repeated injuries and usurpations on the part of men toward woman.” “he has endeavored, in every way that he could, to destroy her confidence in her own powers, to lessen her self-respect, and to make her willing to lead a dependent and abject life.” Resolved, That woman is man's equal—was intended to be so by the Creator, and the highest good of the race demands that she should be recognized as such. Resolved, That the same amount of virtue, delicacy, and refinement of behavior, that is required of woman in the social state, should also be required of man, and the same transgressions should be visited with equal severity on both man and woman.