The legislative branch of the United States government is known as Congress. The United States Congress is bicameral in nature. This means that there.

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The legislative branch of the United States government is known as Congress. The United States Congress is bicameral in nature. This means that there are two lawmaking groups, or assemblies. These assemblies are the House of Representatives and the Senate. A member of the House of Representatives is called a congressman or congresswoman. A member of the Senate is called a senator. The House of Representatives has proportional representation—each state has voting power in accordance with the size of its population. In the Senate, a fixed number of representatives (currently 2) for each state is allowed, regardless of the size of the state. In the U.S. House of Representatives, the state of Maine has 2 representatives and the state of California has 53 representatives. Does this make sense to you? Why or why not? Write two or three sentences for your answer.

Legislatures

Legislature (n.) The body of a country or state that has the power to make laws U.S. Constitution divides the power to make laws between the federal gov’t and state gov’ts

Marble or Layered?

U.S. Congress House of Representatives Senate Proportional Representation Each state represented according to the size of its population Senate 100 Members Equal Representation Laws passed by Congress apply to ALL states. Laws passed by state legislatures only apply within their boundaries.

Congress passes laws known as federal statutes Statutes deal with issues of national importance Environmental quality National Defense Homeland Security Labor Relations Veterans Affairs Etc. State legislatures typically meet on an annual basis Laws deal with statewide impacts Education Transportation Traffic State Taxes Marriage & Divorce Criminal Laws Etc.

City Governments Cities, towns, and counties also have lawmaking bodies. County or city councils Boards of aldermen Local boards of education Local gov’ts pass laws known as ordinances or regulations Land use Parking Schools Regulation of local business Only apply to a county, city, or town

Supremacy Clause Federal laws sometimes come into conflict with state and local laws 1960s: federal laws against racial segregation came into conflict against state laws requiring separate accommodations for African-Americans and whites Today: Federal marijuana laws vs. Washington & Colorado marijuana laws In these instances, the courts ruled the state laws invalid, based on Article VI of the Constitution “The Supremacy Clause”

Supremacy Clause “…the Constitution and the Laws of the United States… shall be the supreme law of the land.” Does not apply to laws about topics that are the proper focus of the states