Schematic representation of stroke-induced neurogenesis in the striatum and cerebral cortex. Schematic representation of stroke-induced neurogenesis in the striatum and cerebral cortex. (A) Neural stem or progenitor cells reside in the subventricular zone (SVZ) adjacent to the lateral ventricle (1). Focal ischemic insults, which lead to pronounced loss of striatal and cortical neurons, give rise to increased proliferation of progenitors (2). Neuroblasts formed after and also, to some extent, before the stroke migrate to the damaged part of the striatum (3), where they differentiate and express markers specific for mature striatal projection neurons (4). The migration of neuroblasts and formation of new neurons continues for 1 yr after the insult. (B) Focal ischemia-induced damage to the cortex triggers proliferation of SVZ progenitors (2). Neuroblasts migrate toward the cortical damage (3), and in the peri-infarct area start to express markers of mature neurons (4). Some experimental evidence suggests that, following stroke affecting the cerebral cortex, neurons are also produced from local cortical progenitors. Olle Lindvall, and Zaal Kokaia Cold Spring Harb Perspect Biol 2015;7:a019034 ©2015 by Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press