Mutations, Genetic Engineering, & Cloning 1/3/2019 LT: I can build my understanding of mutations, genetic engineering & cloning by reading text and class discussion.

Includes testing, modification, splicing, and cloning. Genetic Engineering Includes testing, modification, splicing, and cloning. In the United States today a huge proportion of the most commonly grown commodity crops are genetically engineered: 95% of the nation's sugar beets, 94% of the soybeans, 90% of the cotton and 88% of the feed corn, according to the 2011 International Service for the Acquisition of Agri-biotech Applications report.

Genetically Modified Organisms

What are Genetically Modified Organisms? Organisms in which the genetic material (DNA) has been altered in a way that does not occur naturally. -World Health Organization “Genetically Engineered Foods”, “Genetically modified organisms,” or GMOs, are organisms that have been created through application of transgenic, gene-splicing techniques that are part of biotechnology. These transgenic methods for moving genes around are also called “genetic engineering,” or GE. This relatively new science allows DNA (genetic material) from one species to be transferred into another species, creating transgenic organisms with combinations of genes from plants, animals, bacteria, and even viral gene pools. The mixing of genes from different species that have never shared genes in the past is what makes GMOs and GE crops so unique. It is impossible to create such transgenic organisms through traditional crossbreeding methods. http://www.justlabelit.org/about-ge-foods-center/about-gmo-foods/

Cloning Clone- an organism that is an exact genetic copy of another organism. Egg Cell- the female sex cell that contains the DNA that she will pass to her offspring. It contains ½ the DNA to make the organism. Body Cell- all other cells except the sex cells. These cells contain a complete set of the organism's DNA. Nucleus- Area within the cell that contains the DNA of the organism. Surrogate Mother- The woman whose body will host the developing offspring.

New vocab Somatic Cell- Body cells Germ Cell- Sex cells Egg Cell Donor- Woman who donates an egg cell. She may or may not be the surrogate. Body Cell Donor- Male or female that is going to be cloned. Embryo- An unborn offspring. Uterus- The organ in the female where the unborn offspring grows and develops until birth. Genetic Engineering- The process of manually adding new DNA to an organism or changing the existing DNA structure of an organism.

Cloning Humans – A Global Fear! Why? Dolly was the first animal cloned from an adult cell in 1996 Answer the following: 1.) Why was Dolly the sheep's cloning in 1996 so important? 2.) What are some of the positive consequences of cloning a human? 3.) What are some of the negative consequences of cloning a human? Stop at 1:45 to discuss possibilities

A body cell donor gives the DNA to make the clone. 1.What is the role of the body cell donor? A body cell donor gives the DNA to make the clone. 2. What is the role of the egg cell donor? The egg cell donor gives the egg cell that will be used to create the embryo. 3. How will the body cell be used? The DNA within the nucleus of the body cell will be fused with the egg cell. This is the DNA used to make the clone.

4. How will the germ cell be used? The germ cell will be used to create the embryo. 5. What is the role of the surrogate? The surrogate’s uterus and body will be used to host the developing offspring until birth.