Rhetorical Appeals K. Turner English 101

Types of appeals Issue-based appeals PATHOS LOGOS ETHOS Audience-based appeals Emotional response evoked by examples, terms Emotions as interpretations of situations, objects, people, etc. Issue-based appeals Reasons rhetors provide for arguments Values, beliefs, assumptions, goals Character-based appeals Perceptions of writer caused by her rhetoric Mental habits (intelligence) Moral habits (integrity) Emotional habits (goodwill)

We judge Arguments by… …appropriateness, or prepon Prepon (propriety) “appropriate for a specific time and place” (Hauser) This is culturally learned and negotiated, as is its opposite, aprepes (impropriety) An argument deemed appropriate is one that corresponds to the rhetorical situation. One argument can “fit” its rhetorical situation better than another.

Three Mileys & a flock of Sineads Three people will function as a three-headed Miley Everyone else will be divided into groups of three- headed Sineads Each group of Sineads will construct an argument that includes one appeal each to ethos, pathos, and logos The three-headed Miley will then select which Sinead’s argument is most persuasive

Three Mileys Why did you choose the argument you chose as most persuasive? What were its strengths? Did it have any shortcomings? “Although the appeal(s) to [pathos/ethos/logos] were really appropriate because _____, the appeal(s) to [pathos/ethos/logos] were less appropriate because _____.”

Flocks of Sineads Why did you construct the argument you constructed? Why did you avoid certain arguments? “While we felt the appeal(s) to [pathos/ethos/logos] were really appropriate because _____, we also saw the appeal(s) to [pathos/ethos/logos] as less appropriate because _____.”

Comparative Rhetorical Analysis Assignment Prompt: Compare the rhetorical strategies used by two writers and evaluate which you think is more effective in accomplishing his persuasive purpose. Your evaluative essay should support your answer to the following question: According to your evaluation, which writer was more likely to have accomplished his/her persuasive purpose? On what basis can one make this judgment?