3.4 Building a Better Cancer Treatment

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Presentation transcript:

3.4 Building a Better Cancer Treatment [ Abby Jang & James Yee ]

3.4.1 Precision Medicine

What Is Precision Medicine? Precision Medicine is the field of medicine that uses: A person's genetic profile Lifestyle Environmental factors

Helps make personalized treatment plans. USE Helps make personalized treatment plans. Provides treatment that is more effective. Gives less side effects.

PHARMACOGENETICS Pharmacogenetics: the field of medicine that focuses on comparing genetics to the effectiveness of medicine.

IMPORTANT TERM ALERT!!!

SNP: Single nucleotide morphism. Can help with precision medicine: People with similar SNPs will have similar reactions to medicine. Haplotype: A combination of SNP variations.

3.4.2 Nanofuture

A nanometer is an extremely small unit of measurement. 10^-9 of a meter.

The human body functions on a cellular level. USE IN MEDICINE The human body functions on a cellular level. Nanotechnology: The branch of medicine regarding the manipulation of atoms and molecules. Help give more detailed treatment.

An example of nanotechnology is a respirocyte. Acts as a replacement for red blood cells. Carries oxygen and other molecules in the blood.

Types of Nanodevices

NANOPORE

DENDRIMERS

NANOTUBES

QUANTUM DOTS

NANOSHELLS

CANTILEVER

3.4.3 Clinical Trials

Placebo: substance given in controlled experiments that has no effect on patients Contrasts actual treatment to highlight results The Food and Drug Administration (FDA) approves new drugs to the market Your audience will listen to you or read the content, but won’t do both.

Evaluate safety of drug Determine safe dosage range CLINICAL TRIAL PHASES Phase 1 Evaluate safety of drug Determine safe dosage range Identify side effects Test small group of people (fewer than 100 people) Phase 2 Learn more about safety and side effects Sharpen estimates of proper dosage Determine effectiveness Test larger group of people (up to 200 participants)

Determine effectiveness Determine side effects CLINICAL TRIAL PHASES Phase 3 Determine effectiveness Determine side effects Test large groups of people (1,000 - 3,000 participants) Phase 4 Collect additional information after drug enters the market such as risks, benefits, and optimal use.

Types of Clinical Trials

CONTROLLED TRIALS

RANDOMIZED TRIALS

DOUBLE-BLIND TRIALS

SINGLE-BLIND TRIALS

OPEN TRIALS

FACTORIAL TRIALS

CROSSOVER TRIALS

ORPHAN DRUG TRIALS

Henry K. Beecher

3.4.4 Tiny Treatment

MONOCLONAL ANTIBODY

IMMUNE CHECKPOINT INHIBITORS

INTERFERONS

INTERLEUKINS

ONCOLYTIC VIRUS THERAPY

CANCER VACCINES

We’re two weeks behind.

T H A N K Y O U G O O D L U C K O N F I N A L S