Non-alignment and communist liberation movements TOP TEN THINGS YOU NEED TO KNOW

1 Spheres of Influence US and USSR sign treaty agreeing to not interfere with newly independent nations around the world Get involved with controlling government and economics USSR Africa US South America Iran Contra

2 Non-alignment Nations like India don’t want to move from British control to be under a super-power sphere of influence 1955 Bandung Conference – non- alignment Term “Third World” “If we have to stand alone, we will…We do not agree with the communist teachings, we do not agree with the anti-communist teachings, because they are both based on wrong principles” (Nehru)

Yugoslavia 3 Tito – doesn’t need Stalin’s help = can be a communist state without being part of Communist Bloc = can trade and communicate with the West

De-Stalinization 4 When Khrushchev comes to power Communist ideals without ruthless dictatorship “Peaceful co-existence” Later let go for being “too soft”

Hungary 1956 5 See freedoms being given to Poland Nagy introduces liberal reforms Ponders leaving Warsaw Pact Cannot look “soft” - invasion

Result 6 People rebel for weeks Thousands dead, thousands more injured. Homes and businesses destroyed Refugee crisis Warsaw Pact not unified by ideology

1968 Czechoslovakia’s Prague Spring 7 1968 Czechoslovakia’s Prague Spring Dubcek initiates liberal reforms Brezhnev Doctrine (like Truman Doctrine) to stop the spread of liberalism

Result 8 Resistance lasts only a few days Communist Bloc countries reluctant to rebel against authority of USSR Increased tension between East and West

1980 Poland 9 Increase food prices lead to strikes Solidarity Movement Pressure from the West, Polish Pope USSR tells the local government to deal with it

Result 10 “Crack in the dam” or the beginning of the end Takes another decade, but by 1989 Soviet sphere of influence begins to fall apart By 1991 the USSR and it’s sphere of influence no longer exists