“The most effective way to cope with change is to help create it.” 10/14/2019 Title: Biology 1/29/07 Objectives: To learning about Mendelian genetics. Class Topics Hand in W.S. “The Puzzle of Heredity” before the bell rings please Chapter 7 Test Chapter 8 – Mendelian Genetics Mendel’s laws Terminology Genetics Problems “The most effective way to cope with change is to help create it.” L.W. Lynett Monday, October 14, 2019 9:59 AM

Class Assignments Read 166-170 1/29/07 10/14/2019 Class Assignments What By When Read 166-170 1/29/07 W.S. “The Puzzle of Heredity” 1/29/07 Chapter 8 Quiz 1 1/31/07 Genetics Problems 2/2/07 Due this class period Due next class period Due in the future

10/14/2019 Grade Sheet 2A – p. 157 (5 pts.)

10/14/2019 Chapter 7 Test You will get your test back and be given 20 minutes to adjust any answers. Hand in test when completed Begin working on the Math Lab (in your notebook) on page 165

Math Lab p. 165 “Calculating Mendel’s ratios” Copy the table 10/14/2019 Math Lab p. 165 “Calculating Mendel’s ratios” Copy the table Calculate the ratio State the ratio in words and then as a fraction Answer the final question

Mendel’s Theory Historical perspective 10/14/2019 Mendel’s Theory Historical perspective Heredity was thought of as a blending of the two parents Mendel determined that there were two separate “heritable factors” for each trait Factors are called alleles (book says genes)

10/14/2019 Mendel’s hypothesis 1. For each inherited trait, an individual has two copies of the gene – one from each parent. 2. There are different versions of genes. Alleles Receive one from each parent

Mendel’s hypothesis 3. Dominant allele recessive allele 10/14/2019 Mendel’s hypothesis 3. Dominant allele Can mask the presence of another allele Expressed whenever present Represented by a capital letter recessive allele Can be masked by the presence of a dominant allele Only expressed when contrasting allele is not present Represented by a lowercase letter (same letter as dominant)

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Laws of heredity Law of segregation Law of independent assortment 10/14/2019 Laws of heredity Law of segregation The two alleles for a trait separate when gametes are formed Law of independent assortment Different genes separate independently from one another during gamete formation Assuming they’re on different chromosomes Used in a dihydrid cross

Genotype The alleles for a trait Homozygous dominant (true breeding) 10/14/2019 Genotype The alleles for a trait Consider the trait “Seed color” Dominant - Yellow seeds (Y) Recessive - Green seeds (y) Homozygous dominant (true breeding) YY Heterozygous (hybrid) Yy Mixed pair of alleles Homozygous recessive (true breeding) yy

Phenotype The physical appearance of a trait Tall or dwarf plants 10/14/2019 Phenotype The physical appearance of a trait Tall or dwarf plants Round or wrinkled seeds Yellow or green seeds

10/14/2019 Mendel’s Cross Cross a purebreeding smooth pod shape with a pinched pod shape P F1 Pheno Geno F2

10/14/2019 Practice problem Using the trait of flower position, cross a hybrid with a purebreeding terminal. P ___ x ___ F1 Pheno Geno

10/14/2019 Practice problem Tall is dominant over short; cross a homozygous recessive with a heterozygous P ___ x ___ F1 Pheno Geno

Chapter 8 Quiz 1 Review Matching Mendel’s traits Mendel’s success 10/14/2019 Chapter 8 Quiz 1 Review Matching Alleles, Dominant, Gene, Genetics, Genotype, Heredity, Homozygous, Heterozygous, Hybrid, Independent assortment, Phenotype, Recessive, Segregation,Trait Mendel’s traits Mendel’s success Genetic symbols Mendel’s cross