Cornell Notes: Types of Volcanoes & Hot Spots

Topic / Objective: Types of volcanoes and hot spots. Essential Question: How do different types of volcanoes look and behave?

What is a Shield Volcano? Broad at the base and has gently sloping sides Covers a wide area Generally forms from quiet / nonexplosive eruptions Example: Hawaiian Islands

Shield Volcano – Mount Kilauea, Hawaii

What is a cinder cone volcano? Most common type of volcano Very steep slopes Forms from explosive eruptions Made of pyroclastic material Often found in clusters Example: Paricutin, Mexico

Cinder Cone Volcano – Mount Paricutin, Mexico

What is a composite volcano? Explosive and non explosive eruptions Made of alternating layers of hardened lava flows (non-explosive) and pyroclastic material (explosive) Also known as Stratovolcanoes Example: Mt. Tambora and Mt. Fuji

Composite Volcano – Mount Fuji, Japan

Volcanoes https://app.discoveryeducation.com/learn/videos/5CB A25E3-4F92-4146-9243- 6BF2D665D780?hasLocalHost=false https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=tGm2ymM0Gaw

What is a Hot Spot? A hot spot is a volcanically active area of Earth’s surface, commonly far from a tectonic plate boundary Most hot spots form where columns of solid, hot material from the deep mantle, called mantle plumes, rise and reach the lithosphere

Hawaiian Islands Formed as a Result of Hot Spots Often the hot spot creates a chain of volcanoes, as a plate moves across a relatively stationary mantle plume. The best example of a hot spot volcanic chain is the Hawaiian Islands. From the volcanic track left by the moving plate we can tell the direction of motion of the plate (to the NW) and the rate at which it moves (8.6 cm/year).

Hot Spot Volcanoes https://app.discoveryeducation.com/learn/videos/735C4A0 D-5993-46C8-9139-AE7A29128003?hasLocalHost=false

Guess the Type of Volcano Cinder Cone Composite Shield