How do animal cells make energy? Cellular Respiration How do animal cells make energy?

Science Name for Energy ATP Adenosine Triphosphate

Cellular Respiration process by which glucose is broken down by cells in order to obtain cellular energy (ATP) We get the glucose from food When Oxygen is used= AEROBIC RESPIRATION When Oxygen is not used= ANAEROBIC RESPIRATION

Equation for Cellular Respiration C6 H12 O6 + O2CO2 + H2O+ 36-38 ATP Glucose + Oxygen carbon Dioxide+ water+ 36-38 ATP

Where Does this Process Happen? Cytoplasm- Stage 1 Mitochondria- Stage 2 and 3

How Do We Generate this Energy? Three Steps: Step 1: Glycolysis Step 2: Kreb Cycle Step 3: Electron Transfer Chain (Chemiosmosis)

Making Energy Happens In Steps

STAGE 1 : GLYCOLYSIS: SPLITTING OF GLUCOSE WHAT?: SEPARATE GLUCOSE INTO TWO PARTS TO EXTRACT SOME ENERGY OXYGEN IS NOT REQUIRED FOR THIS STAGE WHERE? CYTOPLASM RESULTS: 2 PYRUVIC ACID (NOT USABLE) 2 ATP (USABLE) 2 NADH2 (NOT USABLE)

Copy and paste this link to view stage one http://www.science.smith.edu/departments/Biology/Bio231/glycolysis.html

STAGE 2: KREB CYCLE GOAL: EXTRACT MORE ENERGY. PYRUVIC ACID FURTHER BREAKS DOWN WHERE: MITOCHONDRIA CONDITIONS: OXYGEN MUST BE PRESENT RESULTS: 2ATP 4 NADH2 ( UNUSABLE) 1 FADH2 (UNUSABLE) Note: Organisms that do not use oxygen DO NOT go through stage 2 OR 3

STAGE 3: ELECTRON TRANSPORT CHAIN GOAL: ALL OF NADH2 AND FADH2 ARE CONVERTED TO ATP FINALLY HAVE A LOT OF USABLE ENERGY 36 MOLECULES OF ATP WHERE: INNER MITOCHONDRIA MEMBRANE CONDITIONS: OXYGEN IS REQUIRED

OVERALL CHEMICAL EQUATION C6 H12 O6 + O2 6CO2 + 6 H2O+ 36-38 ATP glucose + oxygen carbon dioxide water 36-38 ATP

WHEN OXYGEN IS NOT PRESENT (ANAEROBIC RESPIRATION) CALLED FERMENTATION ONLY STAGE 1(GLYCOLYSIS) OCCURS GET 2 ATP MOLECULES GLUCOSE2 LACTIC ACID+ 2 CARBON + 2 ATP DIOXIDE Or Glucose 2 ethanol + 2 carbon dioxide+ 2 ATP SOME BACTERIA AND YEAST GET ENERGY FROM THIS PROCESS

Lactic Acid Fermentation

Ethanol Fermentation

Fill In the Flow Chart