How Does the Nazi Party Gain Power?

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Presentation transcript:

How Does the Nazi Party Gain Power?

By getting elected Nazi Party = one of many political parties competing for power in Weimar Republic

What was the Weimar Republic? Gov’t of Germany bet. 1919-1933 Democratic republic Multi-party democracy No monarch President: chief executive elected appoints chancellor Reichstag: legislative body chancellor= head of Reichstag

By 1933: Nazis Control Reichstag 1920s: Nazi Party is a minor party By 1933: Nazi Party is largest party in Reichstag WHY? - Nazis take advantage of problems plaguing Weimar Republic

What were some of the problems plaguing the Weimar Republic?

1. Constitutional Weaknesses

Reichstag: Problems w/ Proportional Representation Germans elected the party, not the person Hard for 1 party to gain majority Hard for get things done Lots of turnover in gov’t. Creates perception of a weak government

Article 48 In an “emergency” president could ignore Reichstag President would have full power Could rule by decree Creates potential for abuse of power

2. Losing WWI

Problems w/ Treaty of Versailles (June 28, 1919) - treaty ended WWI for Germany between Germany and winners (USA, UK, France) Many Germans see terms as unfair

Why does the treaty anger some Germans? Germany admits blame for WWI (Article 231: the “war guilt clause”) Germany will pay millions of $$ in reparations Germany loses land and its colonies Germany severely reduces army and navy Germany gives up air force Germany not allowed to unite with Austria (Anschluss) Part of Germany (Rhineland) will be occupied for @15 years

Result: Many Germans resent Weimar government for signing treaty German cartoon from magazine Simplissimus (June 3, 1919)

3. Early 1920s Economic Crisis

Early 1920s Reparations payments cripple economy Government prints lots of $$ to spark economy

1923: Hyperinflation

4. Political Violence/Unrest 1919: “Spartacist Revolt”- communists attempt overthrow 1920: Kapp Putsch – extreme nationalists attempt overthrow

Nov. 1923: Beer Hall Putsch - Hitler and Nazis attempt overthrow - revolt fails - Hitler goes to jail where he will reassess strategy and seek to gain power via elections

How can Nazis take advantage of these problems?