International University of Japan Introduction Hun Myoung Park, Ph.D., Public Management and Policy Analysis Program Graduate School of International Relations International University of Japan

2 Components of IS 1 Technological components: hardware, software, and telecommunication Organizational components: data/information, people, rules/procedures An information system is not simply a set of computer hardware (physical equipment) and software Telecommunications (Network): connectivity

3 Components of IS 2 Data and information (database) are essential since an information system is all about data and information. People operate and use the systems Procedures/rules to use systems and perform tasks. Formal and informal

E-Gov. vs. Traditional IS 1 4 E-Gov. vs. Traditional IS 1 Same (not old) wine in different glasses? World Wide Web versus internal processing (computerization)? Like user interface vs. kernel in operating system? Web itself plays a role of input and output interface rather than data process Business process reengineering (BPR) is not likely in Web or Internet.

E-Gov. vs. Traditional IS 2 5 E-Gov. vs. Traditional IS 2 Traditional information systems (or computerization) are to process and deliver data and information processed primarily to government employees. Most modern information systems combine data processing and Web interface to improve accessibility and interactivity

E-Gov. vs. Traditional IS 3 6 E-Gov. vs. Traditional IS 3 Digital convergence makes it difficult to distinguish clearly one technology from another A wide concept of information systems that combine various technologies (e.g., Web and mobile tech.) Classical information systems  computerized information systems  Web- based information systems.

E-Gov. vs. Traditional IS 4 7 E-Gov. vs. Traditional IS 4 Traditional information systems put more emphasis on data processing rather than interface to various stakeholders Modern information systems put relatively more emphasis on interface rather than data processing. Like kernel, data processing is the essential component in any information systems

E-Gov. vs. Traditional IS 5 8 E-Gov. vs. Traditional IS 5

Why Publicness? Environmental factors Legal constraints 9 Why Publicness? Environmental factors Legal constraints Political influence Scrutiny Complexity of objectives (ambiguous goals) Fewer incentives for performance All these make difference

Public Information Systems 10 Public Information Systems More emphasis on openness, accountability, representativeness, equity More limited by environments (politics) External & vertical linkages Support a variety of people without discrimination (no digital inequality) Incremental approach (Bozeman and Bretschneider, 1986)

References Stair and Reynolds. 2016. Principles of information systems, 12th ed. Cengage Learning. Morley and Parker. 2015. Understanding computers, 15th ed. Cengage Learning. Hutchinson and Sawyer. 2000. Computers, Communications, and Information, 7th ed. Irwin/McGraw-Hill