Fig. 2. Default mode network (DMN) patterns in each of the 3 groups and longitudinal changes after treatment. (A–C) ... Fig. 2. Default mode network (DMN)

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Fig. 2. Default mode network (DMN) patterns in each of the 3 groups and longitudinal changes after treatment. (A–C) ... Fig. 2. Default mode network (DMN) patterns in each of the 3 groups and longitudinal changes after treatment. (A–C) The DMN pattern (ie, independent spatial component [ISC]) in healthy volunteers, patients at baseline, and at follow-up, respectively. (D) Patients at baseline had lower functional connectivity strength (ie, ISC loading values) in the posterior cingulate cortex/precuneus (PCC/PCUN) as well as the medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC) with the rest of the DMN regions compared with controls (Ps < .05, voxel-wise FDR correction). (E) Patients had a longitudinal increase of connectivity strength in the PCC/PCUN with the rest regions of DMN after 8-week treatment (Ps < .05, voxel-wise FDR correction). Unless provided in the caption above, the following copyright applies to the content of this slide: © The Author(s) 2018. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of the Maryland Psychiatric Research Center. All rights reserved. For permissions, please email: journals.permissions@oup.comThis article is published and distributed under the terms of the Oxford University Press, Standard Journals Publication Model (https://academic.oup.com/journals/pages/open_access/funder_policies/chorus/standard_publication_model) Schizophr Bull, sby175, https://doi.org/10.1093/schbul/sby175 The content of this slide may be subject to copyright: please see the slide notes for details.

Fig. 1. Schematic overview of fibers extraction from default mode network (DMN) regions. (A) The 3-step procedure of ... Fig. 1. Schematic overview of fibers extraction from default mode network (DMN) regions. (A) The 3-step procedure of fibers extraction from DMN regions. First, whole-brain fibers were traced by using the interactive software Trackvis with the fiber assignment by an interpolated streamline propagation algorithm in the diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) native space for each individual. Second, an initial ROI1 after the inverse transformation T−1 of spatial normalization into the native DTI space was chosen; the fiber tracts that reached the ROI1 were picked from the whole collection of fibers. Third, a second ROI after T−1was chosen from the remaining DMN ROIs. Only the tracts reaching the ROI2 were retrieved from the rest of tracts. (B) Three examples of fiber tractography for 1 patient at baseline, 1 patient at follow-up, and 1 healthy volunteer. The 3 tracts connecting medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC) to posterior cingulate cortex/precuneus (PCC/PCUN), and PCC/PCUN to bilateral medial temporal lobes (mTLs) were detected in almost all subjects of the 3 groups. Red demonstrates the medio-lateral orientation. Blue demonstrates the rostro-caudal plane. Green demonstrates the dorso-ventral direction. For color, please see the figure online Unless provided in the caption above, the following copyright applies to the content of this slide: © The Author(s) 2018. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of the Maryland Psychiatric Research Center. All rights reserved. For permissions, please email: journals.permissions@oup.comThis article is published and distributed under the terms of the Oxford University Press, Standard Journals Publication Model (https://academic.oup.com/journals/pages/open_access/funder_policies/chorus/standard_publication_model) Schizophr Bull, sby175, https://doi.org/10.1093/schbul/sby175 The content of this slide may be subject to copyright: please see the slide notes for details.

Fig. 3. Correlations between impaired functional connectivity in default mode network (DMN) maps at baseline and ... Fig. 3. Correlations between impaired functional connectivity in default mode network (DMN) maps at baseline and symptom severity. (A) Functional connectivity between the left posterior cingulate cortex/precuneus (PCC/PCUN) and a cluster of voxels located in right ANG, and between right PCC/PCUN and a cluster of voxels located in right ANG was decreased in patients relative to healthy volunteers and was negatively correlated with PANSS-N scores. (B) Increases of functional connectivity between PCC/PCUN and a cluster of voxels located in medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC) was positively correlated with decreases in patients’ positive symptom scores. Functional connectivity (FC) maps were thresholded at P < .05 corrected using AlphaSim and cluster-defining threshold P < .001. Unless provided in the caption above, the following copyright applies to the content of this slide: © The Author(s) 2018. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of the Maryland Psychiatric Research Center. All rights reserved. For permissions, please email: journals.permissions@oup.comThis article is published and distributed under the terms of the Oxford University Press, Standard Journals Publication Model (https://academic.oup.com/journals/pages/open_access/funder_policies/chorus/standard_publication_model) Schizophr Bull, sby175, https://doi.org/10.1093/schbul/sby175 The content of this slide may be subject to copyright: please see the slide notes for details.

Fig. 4. Schematic overview of measuring coupling between functional and anatomical connectivity in the DMN. FA values ... Fig. 4. Schematic overview of measuring coupling between functional and anatomical connectivity in the DMN. FA values of the 3 tracts connecting posterior cingulate cortex/precuneus (PCC/PCUN) to medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC), and PCC/PCUN to bilateral medial temporal lobes (mTLs) were extracted to produce a vector of structural connectivity values. We then conducted a ROI-wise analysis to measure the 3 pairwise functional connection strength between the 3 connections. A spherical ROI masks with 5 mm radius were centered on the peak MNI coordinate of the significant DMN independent spatial component (ISC) maps from healthy control group. Temporal correlation coefficient between ROIs with Fisher’s Z transformation was generated as functional connectivity values. Subsequently, the Pearson’s correlation between functional and structural connectivity values of each tract in DMN was calculated for each group separately. The resulting Pearson correlation coefficient was used to quantify the functional and structural coupling values. Then coupling correlations were Fisher’s r-to-z transformed. DMN, default mode network; FA, fractional anisotropy; FC, functional connectivity; MNI, Montreal Neurological Institute. Unless provided in the caption above, the following copyright applies to the content of this slide: © The Author(s) 2018. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of the Maryland Psychiatric Research Center. All rights reserved. For permissions, please email: journals.permissions@oup.comThis article is published and distributed under the terms of the Oxford University Press, Standard Journals Publication Model (https://academic.oup.com/journals/pages/open_access/funder_policies/chorus/standard_publication_model) Schizophr Bull, sby175, https://doi.org/10.1093/schbul/sby175 The content of this slide may be subject to copyright: please see the slide notes for details.