Caring for the Resident with Osteopenia and Risk for Fractures Brandy Shannon, RN, MSN Educator CCC and NCU September 2014

Purpose To educate the health care provider on the bone condition Osteopenia and Risks for Fracture associated with this condition.

Objectives Define Osteopenia Explain one of the major causes of Osteopenia State the main risk factor associated with Osteopenia. Give 2 examples of how to manage care for a resident who may have osteopenia. Explain how to safely transfer a resident with a fracture.

What is osteopenia? Osteopenia is a condition in which there is a decrease in bone density, which leads to weak bones and a high risk of bone fractures (broken bones).

What can cause osteopenia? Osteopenia can be associated with genetics or family history. Hormonal Causes and/or medications, such as: steroids, seizure medications, diuretics and thyroid medications. Thin frame (body structure) IMMOBILITY Medical condition (such as Chronic Renal Failure)

What are signs and symptoms of osteopenia? It may be hard to know if your patient has osteopenia, since osteopenia does not cause pain unless there is a broken bone (fracture). A broken bone can be very painful.

Why is it important to know about osteopenia? The main importance is to know that there is a HIGH risk for bone fractures in patients with osteopenia. Certain medical conditions put your resident at risk for osteopenia. These include: Asthma, Chronic Renal Failure, Cerebral Palsy, Multiple sclerosis, B 12 Deficiency, Cancer, and Epileptic treatments, just to name a few.

How do I care for a resident with osteopenia? Care is aimed at prevention of falls and fractures by using proper body mechanics and using assistive devices, such hoyers lifts. Observe safety measure, such as: good lighting, removal of clutter, lock wheelchairs, ensure beds are at the lowest level before leaving the bedside and ensure side rails are up. Maintain the patient’s activity at the highest level possible since immobility is associated with spontaneous fractures. Encourage the resident to preform as many ADLs as possible and assist with range of motion to help keep the residents joints flexible.

How do I care for a resident with osteopenia? Check the patient’s skin daily for redness, warmth, and new sites of pain, which are all indicators of new fractures. Check orthotic devices for proper fit, patient tolerance, and skin irritation. Make sure your residents are well hydrated. It is important that your resident has a well balance of vitamin D and phosphorus in their system.

How should I transfer my resident who may have a fracture? When turning or transferring the resident make sure to plan movement prior to actually moving the resident. Make sure to take your time and move slowly. Make sure you always have help when turning or transferring your patient, ensuring that you stabilize the fractured extremity. NEVER tug or jerk your patient, especially their limbs.

Thank You