STALIN: MAD, BAD, AND SAD

JOSEF STALIN NOT HIS REAL NAME, HE’S NOT EVEN A RUSSIAN. BORN IN GEORGIA (CAUCUSUS) IN 1879. IOSIF DZHUGASHVILI. FATHER WAS A SHOEMAKER AND A DRUNK. HE GREW UP IN A HUT. ENROLLS IN SEMINARY; IS THROWN OUT FOR READING MARX

“COMRADE” STALIN AS REVOLUTIONARY DOES LITTLE DURING RUSSIAN REVOLUTION APPOINTED BOLSHEVIK COMMISSAR OF NATIONALITIES AFTER THE REVOLUTION

STALIN COMES TO POWER Becomes party secretary Gets to appoint those loyal to him to Politburo Takes full power by 1929 Says Lenin wanted him to be his successor

FIVE YEAR PLANS Central government planners set goals - Soviet industry Almost catches up to Rest of Europe in less Than 15 years Right: Happy Peasants

SOCIALIST REALISM ART MUST PROMOTE THE GOALS OF THE REVOLUTION.

NEW CITIES AND MASSIVE PROJECTS BUILT, SOMETIMES WITH AMERICAN HELP

COLLECTIVE FARMS

ELIMINATING THE KULAKS KULAKS WERE PROSPEROUS PEASANTS, WHO SOMETIMES LENT MONEY AND SEED TO OTHER PEASANTS ACCUSED OF SABOTAGE STALIN LAUNCHES A CLASS WAR

FAMINE IN UKRAINE HARVESTS FAIL IN 1932-33

PURGES STALIN REMOVED ANYONE HE PERCEIVED AS A THREAT EVENTUALLY, ALMOST ALL THE “OLD BOLSHEVIKS” OF THE REVOLUTION WERE REPLACED BY “LITTLE STALINS”

SHOW TRIALS Public humiliation of Those being purged. Started with killing of Kirov, a loyal follower Of Stalin. Liquidations Sometimes amounted To hundreds a day.

ASSASSINATIONS

REWRITING HISTORY

CULT OF PERSONALITY

THE GULAG WORK CAMPS FOR DISSENTERS OR ANYONE ACCUSED BY PARTY MOSTLY IN SIBERIA – MASSIVE PROJECTS BUILT BY SLAVE LABOR

THE GULAG “ARCHIPELAGO”

STALIN AND HITLER HITLER DETESTS COMMUNISM; IS DETERMINED TO DESTROY IT STALIN AND HITLER SIGN NONAGGRESSION PACT IN 1939 Stalin cooperates in Hitler’s invasion of Poland, grabs territory. Refuses to believe in 1941 that Hitler would invade Soviet Union

STALIN AS WAR LEADER FINALLY RALLIES PEOPLE AFTER THREE WEEKS ORDERS COUNTER- ATTACK OUTSIDE MOSCOW. ANYONE WHO FAILS, DIES

SOVIETS DEFEAT NAZIS MILLIONS OF LOSSES, PERHAPS 20 MILLION DEAD, GREATEST OF WAR SOVIETS GET AMERICAN MATERIAL HELP ROLL ACROSS EASTERN EUROPE IN 1944-45 TAKE BERLIN, HITLER COMMITS SUICIDE HAVE BIGGEST ARMY IN EUROPE, BEST TANKS

GENOCIDES Chechens, Kalmyks and Balkars Small Caucasian peoples accused of cooperating with Nazis Rounded up and sent into desert in dead of winter to die.

DEATH OF STALIN 1953 “DOCTORS’ PLOT” NO CLEAR SUCCESSION

SO WHY WAS STALIN MAD BAD SAD?

Russia(USSR) Under Stalin Totalitarian State- one party dictatorship Russification- forced non-Russians to be “Russians” Command Economy- Government makes all basic economic decisions (government controlled factories, farms, and businesses) a) Stalin wanted to make Russia industrialized b) Five Year Plans- build heavy industry (products in oil, coal, steel, increase in military, more factories, railroads, and hydroelectric power) He ignored consumer goods. c) Collectivization- state takes over all farms from peasants, forcing them to live on state-owned farms (collectives) d) Results of collectivization included peasants resisted by growing enough food for themselves. Then the government seized all of the grain in those communities. Forced famine- mass starvation resulted. Millions of Russians died of forced starvation.

REVIEW FOR TEST Westernization of Russia came about largely through the efforts of Peter the Great The position of Jews in Czarist Russia was they were a persecuted minority Political system in Russia before the 20th century was an absolute monarchy The Russo-Japanese War caused dissident groups to challenge the power of the czar. The relationship of WWI and Russian Revolution is it created conditions in Russia to help trigger a revolution. In 1917 Bolshevik leaders in Russia sought peace with Germany because the new Russian government wanted to retain power and avoid German occupation

Pre revolutionary governments fail to meet the political and economic needs of their people. Russian peasants supported the Bolsheviks primarily because they pledged to redistribute land and make peace. Slogan expressed the ideals of the Bolshevik Revolution of 1917 Bread, Peace, Land and Bread. Major cause of the Russian Revolution was the abuse of political power by Czar Nicholas II The events of Bloody Sunday, heavy casualties of WWI, and ineffective leadership of the czar led directly to Revolution of 1917 Bolshevik Revolution was a major turning point in history bc Russia became the 1st nation with communist economic system

One similarity btw French Rev and Russian Rev is both were a result of govt. denial of basic human rights and stressful economic conditions The slogan “Peace, Land, & Bread appealed to many peasants bc it addressed the needs & concerns of the peasants Command Economy=Govt controlled production, five yr plan, Collectivization.