Alternative sources of Energy Nuclear and renewables

Hinkley Point C is scheduled for 2025 Hinkley Point C is scheduled for 2025. It will be made up of two nuclear reactors and will be built next to Hinkley Point A and B.

I Nuclear power 15 reactors, 21% of electricity generation. 50% retired by 2025 2025 : new generation of nuclear plants 1. Various sectors Electricity generation : British Energy (EDF 2008) Reprocessing BNG (British Nuclear Group) Decommissioning BNG, UKAE (UK Atomic Authority) Waste disposal : BNG

2. Britain pioneering nuclear in the 1950s. 1956 : the world’s first commercial nuclear reactor 1970 : First nuclear electricity producer 3. Nuclear power’s competitive environment the climate change levy 80 million pounds Reprocessing costs.(£300 m) Decommissioning costs.

4. A revival of the nuclear industry since 2006. Higher gas prices Environmental goals 2006 : Energy Review 5 new nuclear power stations by 2025 EDF Energy : Hinkley Point, Sizewell Horizon Nuclear Power, Hitachi : Wylfa, Oldbury. NuGeneration : Sellafield

5. A private sector since the 1990s 1947 : nationalisation of electricity 1996 : privatisation of nuclear-generated electricity British Energy.  2005 : privatisation of reprocessing and decommissioning. (BNFL) 5. The funding of the new plants Controversy over Hinkley Point (1.5bn pounds beyond budget 2016) No government subsidies but Contract for Difference.

II Renewables 29% electricity generation : but only 8 II Renewables 29% electricity generation : but only 8.3% for energy use in 2016 (transport and heating) (2020 EU target is 15%) 1. Huge potential a new industrial revolution 2010 : missed the official EU target

Offshore wind farms planned from 2010

2. Wind power 40% European wind resources 15% of electricity generation 2003 : wind power revolution. New round of offshore wind licensing.  January 2010 : Round three . Large offshore project. 2016 : second phase. Hornsea Project two. 2017: no subsidies for new onshore farms. Drawbacks : local planning permission Cost of connection to national grid subsidies

2. Plant biomass (9% of electricity generation) The largest importer in wood pellets in the world Shift from coal to biomass : Drax. Is it really green? Cuts in subsidies in 2018. 3. Solar power 29% growth over the year 2016, despite cuts in government subsidies.

August 2004 : a testing centre at Stromness in Orkney. 3. Wave and tidal power August 2004 : a testing centre at Stromness in Orkney.  2010 : Ten sites 2015 : 2 wave farms in Cornwall and Scotland 2018: plan for Swansea Tidal lagoon rejected. largest power firms, E.ON, Scottish and Southern Energy (SSE), Scottish Power Renewables.

Pelamis Wave Energy Device Testing