Diagram of the relationship between the T4 transcriptional pattern and the different mechanisms of DNA replication and recombination. Diagram of the relationship between the T4 transcriptional pattern and the different mechanisms of DNA replication and recombination. The top panel shows the transcripts initiated from early, middle, and late promoters by sequentially modified host RNA polymerase. Hairpins in several early and middle transcripts inhibit the translation of the late genes present on these mRNAs. The bottom panel depicts the pathways of DNA replication and recombination detailed later in this review. Hatched lines represent strands of homologous regions of DNA, and arrows point to positions of endonuclease cuts. Reprinted from reference 769 with permission from the publisher. Eric S. Miller et al. Microbiol. Mol. Biol. Rev. 2003; doi:10.1128/MMBR.67.1.86-156.2003