Southern Colonies Maryland Virginia North Carolina South Carolina Georgia

Chesapeake Colonies Maryland Virginia Still considered part of the Southern Colonies

Southern Colonies Indentured servants s.colonies Southern Colonies Indentured servants Slaves to work the large plantations Had fertile soil Grew rice, tobacco and cotton Bigger cities: Charleston, Savannah & Baltimore

CHART: THIRTEEN COLONIES Colony/Date Person Responsible Why Founded Governed/Owner Virginia---1607 Jamestown Joint Stock Company Virginia Company Captain John Smith John Rolfe Attract new settlers for Dutch and Swedish colonists Representative Govt House of Burgesses Royal Colony Maryland--1634 Lord Baltimore Religious toleration—those who believed in Christ---allowed persecuted Catholics to settle in Maryland Representative govt Proprietary Colony North/South Carolina In 1663 8 English nobles Setup a new colony based upon social classes…Failed and divided into 2 parts Georgia—1732 James Oglethorpe Provide a place for debtors could start a new life---Acted as a buffer against Spanish Florida

Puritan emigration to New England came to a near-halt between 1649 and 1660, the years during which Oliver Cromwell ruled as Lord Protector of England. OLIVER CROMWELL 1599 - 1658 Painting by by Robert Walker © National Portrait Gallery, London During the Interregnum (literally “between kings”), Puritans had little motive to move to the New World.

For slightly over a decade, Cromwell ruled England as a republic, complete with a constitution. Everything the Puritans wanted – freedom to practice their religion, as well as representation in the government – was available to them in England

The death of Cromwell (1658) robbed the Puritans of their most respected leader. In 1660, the Stuarts were restored to the throne. With the restoration of the Stuarts, many English Puritans again emigrated to the New World. Not coincidentally, these emigrants brought with them the republican ideals of the revolution This was because Cromwell’s son, Richard, was weak and could not maintain his father’s policies.

After the English Civil War, the reign of Charles II was called the Restoration because it restored the English monarchy. Charles repaid political favors by establishing proprietary colonies, or colonies owned by one person, who usually received the land as a gift from the king

Maryland was granted to Cecil Calvert (aka Lord Baltimore 2nd). Calvert declared Maryland a haven of religious tolerance for all Christians, and it became the first major Catholic enclave in the New World The founding of Maryland: The founding of the Church of England as the nation’s official church made life difficult for Roman Catholics living there. Some English Catholics were influential. George Calvert, the first Lord Baltimore, converted to Catholicism, and it ended his career. He wanted land in America, as a haven for Catholics and for personal wealth. Calvert founded a settlement in Canada, but it was too cold for him. He tried to move to Jamestown, but was banned because of his religion. He asked King Charles for land around Chesapeake Bay. Calvert died before the land was granted, but his son received the rights and founded Maryland. Because of clashes between Catholics and Protestants, the Toleration Act was passed to protect the right of all Christians to practice their religion in Maryland. Photo: Cecil Calvert, second Lord Baltimore. Cecil Calvert (1606-1675) was George Calvert's son and heir. In 1632, Cecil became the second Baron of Baltimore and the first Lord of Proprietary of both Avalon and Maryland. From Justin Winsor, ed., Narrative and Critical History of America: English Explorations and Settlements in North America 1497-1689, Vol. III (Boston: Houghton, Mifflin & Company, 1884) 546.

Lord Baltimore

Colonization of Maryland

CHART: THIRTEEN COLONIES Colony/Date Person Responsible Why Founded Governed/Owner Virginia---1607 Jamestown Joint Stock Company Virginia Company Captain John Smith John Rolfe Attract new settlers for Dutch and Swedish colonists Representative Govt House of Burgesses Royal Colony Maryland--1634 Lord Baltimore Religious toleration—those who believed in Christ---allowed persecuted Catholics to settle in Maryland Representative govt Proprietary Colony North/South Carolina In 1663 8 English nobles Setup a new colony based upon social classes…Failed and divided into 2 parts Georgia—1732 James Oglethorpe Provide a place for debtors could start a new life---Acted as a buffer against Spanish Florida

The Carolinas As a reward for helping him gain the throne, Charles II granted a huge tract of land between VA and Spanish Florida to 8 nobles in 1663

The Carolinas were also a proprietary colony, which ultimately split in two: Was co-owned by eight men Gave themselves large estates Some people had to pay to bring in boatloads of settlers. Southern Carolina Had a port in Charles Town Had prosperous estates of aristocrats Plantation owners from West Indies moved there with their enslaved Africans. Northern Carolina settlers were small farmers without slaves. They did not have a good harbor. Although slavery had existed in Virginia since 1619, the settlers from Barbados were the first Englishmen in the New World who had seen widespread slavery at work.

Settling South Carolina Charles town was formed in 1670 Settled by the descendants of Englishmen who had colonized Barbados. Barbado’s primary export was sugar, and its plantations were worked by slaves. Initially, the economy was based on trading furs and providing food for the West Indies By the middle of the 18th century, large rice-growing plantations worked by African slaves created an economy and culture that resembled the West Indies

Although Carolina was geographically closer to the Chesapeake colonies, it was culturally closer to the West Indies in the seventeenth century since its early settlers—both blacks and whites—came from Barbados.

Democratic North Carolina Settled by Virginians and developed into a Virginia-like colony Farmers from VA and New England established small, self-sufficient tobacco farms Region had few good harbors and poor transportation so there were fewer large plantations and less reliance on slavery By the 18th century, the colony earned a reputation for democratic views and autonomy from British control

CHART: THIRTEEN COLONIES Colony/Date Person Responsible Why Founded Governed/Owner Virginia---1607 Jamestown Joint Stock Company Virginia Company Captain John Smith John Rolfe Attract new settlers for Dutch and Swedish colonists Representative Govt House of Burgesses Royal Colony Maryland--1634 Lord Baltimore Religious toleration—those who believed in Christ---allowed persecuted Catholics to settle in Maryland Representative govt Proprietary Colony North/South Carolina In 1663 8 English nobles Setup a new colony based upon social classes…Failed and divided into 2 parts Georgia—1732 James Oglethorpe Provide a place for debtors could start a new life---Acted as a buffer against Spanish Florida

5) Georgia James Oglethorpe wanted debtors to have a new start in life instead of going to prison. He and 20 other trustees received a charter to settle Georgia. Georgia’s population included former debtors, impoverished British craftspeople, religious refugees from Germany and Switzerland. By 1770 nearly half of the population was made of enslaved Africans. Ogelthorpe was a humanitarian and member of English Parliament The trustees governed but did not own land or expect a profit. In 1733 he founded city of Savannah, Georgia, with a boatload of colonists.

Georgia – The Last Colony A proprietary colony and the only colony to receive direct financial support from the home government in London Set up for 2 reasons Defensive buffer Rid England’s overcrowded jails of debtors Special Regulations Absolute ban on drinking rum Prohibition of slavery Colony did not thrive because of the constant threat of Spanish attack Taken over by the British government in 1752 when Oglethorpe and his group gave up Bans on slavery and rum dropped Colony grew slowly by adopting the plantation system of South Carolina