AIM: How does geographical context affect development? Do Now: Define structuralist theory.

Structuralist Theory Holds that difficult to change large scale economic arrangements shape what is possible for a country’s development in fundamental ways.

Two Structuralist Theories Dependency Theory Neo-Colonialism Political and economic relationships between countries and regions of the world control and limit the economic development possibilities of poorer areas. The continuation of colonial arrangements after colonialism ends. IE) England still has a lot of influence in India.

Why do some countries engage in dollarization? The process of aligning one’s currency with the US dollar.

What are the disadvantages of dollarization?

World Systems Theory Core-Periphery can help explain why some places are more developed. It can also explain where certain jobs are, and where the most advanced technology can be found.

When growing food, why is how it is produced more important than what is produced?

Why do some countries have more gender equality than others?

Why does gender inequality exist?

Flyer Against Women’s Suffrage BECAUSE 90% of the women either do not want it, or do not care. BECAUSE it means competition of women with men instead of co-operation. BECAUSE 80% of the women eligible to vote are married and can only double or annul their husband's votes. BECAUSE it can be of no benefit commensurate with the additional expense involved. BECAUSE in some States more voting women than voting men will place the Government under petticoat rule. BECAUSE it is unwise to risk the good we already have for the evil which may occur.

Awesome Vocabulary Gender-Related Development Index (GDI) – A UN developed measurement index to compare the level of development of women with that of both sexes. (Constructed in a similar way as HDI) Gender Empowerment Measure (GEM)- compares the ability of women and men to participate in economic and political decision making.

GDI Measures The GDI rates each country’s level of gender equality by measuring their economic, social, and demographic development. According the GDI, the country with the highest gender equality is Norway with a rating of 0.96. Western Europe and North America also have high GDIs. The lowest GDIs exist in Sub-Saharan Africa.

GDI worldwide

Statistics Women make approximately 2/3 the money men make in MDCs. In the United States in 2003 Men: $46,465 Women: $29,017 Women are less likely to attend school in LDCs than in MDCs. The gap grows in secondary school. 99/100 in MDCs 60/100 in LDCs – high school attendance. In MDCs females have a longer expected lifespan than men, it is the reverse in LDCs. What accounts for the last statistic in LDCs?

Economic Differences: Income Differential

School Enrollment

Male Literacy Rates

Female Literacy Rates

Life Expectancy and Gender Fig. 9-14: Women’s life expectancy is several years longer than men’s in MDCs, but only slightly longer in many LDCs.

GEM Fig. 9-15: The GEM combines two measures of economic power and two of political power by women. (Little data are available for LDCs.)

GEM GEM measures the ability of women to participate in the process of achieving improvements in their standard of living. It is calculated by combining two indicators of economic power (income and professional jobs) and two indicators of political power (managerial jobs and elected jobs). MDCs have a higher GEM than LDCs. Many LDCs do not have enough data to produce accurate scores.

Women Professional and Technical Workers Fig 9-16: Half or more of professional and technical workers are women in most MDCs and some LDCs, such as Brazil, but only a small proportion are women in most LDCs.

Women as Legislators Fig 9-18: Over 20% of legislative seats are held by women in China, some European nations, and several LDCs. In many other LDCs, under 10% are held by women

Women Administrators and Managers Fig. 9-17: More than one-third of top administrators are women in North America and some other MDCs and LDCs, but 20% or fewer top administrators are women in many other countries.

Women in politics In the United States only 23 women are in the 100 member Senate (a new record) Only 83 women are in the 435 member House of Representatives (19.3%) Every country has a lower GEM than GDI.