Online Session 2.1: Approaches, guidance and setting‐up coordination Friday, 17 May 2019 10h00 – 11h30 (Geneva time) Please configure your audio & video for the Webinar Please mute once you have checked your mic Please message Kashif Rehman on webex chat or on Skype:kashif.rehman7 if you are having problems to configure audio

In todays webinar Basic understanding of needs assessments Approaches and guidance Coordinated Assessment Life cycle Setting-up coordination

Basic understanding

Assumption Evidence Reality Decision Facts Perception

What is Information gap? Information required Information available Information gap The information gap will be large at the beginning of an emergency, while at the same time the pressure to take action and the need for information will be high. As time goes by, more and more information will be available, and less information will be required. As we will see later, this dynamic will guide our choice of assessment methodology. Information need Time 5

What is a need? Gap defining need Response defining need A lack of… A deficiency in… A problem of… An issue related to… A gap in… A shortage of… Preferred state Actual state IDPs are thirsty and have much less water available to them than before they were displaced and hygiene conditions bad compare to resident population. Gap defining need Unmet Needs The concept of need is often misused, and it is important to agree on its meaning before going further in this course. CLICK 1: In this graph, the need is the difference between the preferred state following humanitarian relief, recovery, or defined development goals, and the actual observed or measured state that the affected population is currently in. CLICK 2: Fundamentally, you can identify a need where there is evidence or report of a deficit, a deficiency, a lack, a gap, a problem, an issue, a shortage, etc.… It is important to mention this because people often confuse “need”, the absence of something, with “need” , the provision of something. CLICK 3: For example, in the sentence IDPs need psychosocial support and access to protected water sources, and attend weekly hygiene session, need is being defined by a potential response. No shortage or gap has been expressed. CLICK 4: In contrast, in this sentence, IDPs are thirsty and have much less water available than before they were displaced, the gap is clearly expressed, and we can see a real need. You must always distinguish between “need” as problem and “need” as response. IDPs need psychosocial support and access to protected water sources, and attend weekly hygiene sessions. Response defining need

Needs Assessment basics Scope and Information gap Design (methodology – Representative/non-representative) Analysis plan – key questions to be answered Baseline Collect Secondary data Primary data Qualitative Quantitative Qualitative Quantitative Measure Estimation Aggregation/ Disaggregation Analysis

Approaches & Guidance

Types of Coordinated Assessments

Types of Needs Assessment What type of assessment is needed given the situation: initial, rapid, or in-depth? Initial Assessments Rapid Assessments In-depth Assessments Define scale and severity of the crisis. Estimate People Affected. Identify and locate affected populations and groups. Establish key priorities. Define access constraints. Define impact of crisis. Estimate People in Need by population groups. Severity of needs of (affected groups) and areas. Capture views of different groups of affected populations through consultation. Establish key priorities with affected populations. Identify information gaps. Define and quantify needs including more in-depth sectoral and operational information. Provide detailed and statistically representative data. Capture representative views of affected populations (including subgroups and vulnerable groups) through joint consultation with them. Establish baseline for needs and response monitoring

Example: Cyclical crisis What type of assessment is needed given the situation: initial, rapid, or in-depth? Example: Cyclical crisis

What type of assessment is needed given the situation: initial, rapid, or in-depth? Example: Slow-onset

Example: Unpredictable conflict or complex emergency What type of assessment is needed given the situation: initial, rapid, or in-depth? Example: Unpredictable conflict or complex emergency

Example: Sudden-onset What type of assessment is needed given the situation: initial, rapid, or in-depth? Phase 1 Secondary Data Review Collect pre and in crisis data Analysis on secondary data Output = Situation Analysis Phase 2 Primary Data Collection Key informant interviews Direct observation Output = MIRA Report Phase 3-4 Sectoral assessments Post Disaster Needs Assessment Monitoring Yearly Strategic Response Plan) Example: Sudden-onset MIRA

Setting-up Coordination Coordinated Assessment Lifecycle

Coordinated Needs Assessment Life Cycle

Understanding of context and enabling factors

Setting-up Coordination: Understanding of context and enabling factors Understanding of current context

Setting-up Coordination: Understanding of context and enabling factors Coordination structures, understanding the dynamics and stakeholders and decision makers influence

Setting-up Coordination: Understanding of context and enabling factors Understanding of existing information management, assessment and monitoring mechanisms and systems.

Establishing coordination

Setting-up Coordination: Establishing coordination Leadership taking lead in defining scope and key decision making Assessment Coordinator or Assessment focal points from Clusters Assessment Coordinator and Cluster Assessment focal points (IASC Guidance on Coordinated Assessment 2012, MIRA Guidance 2015 revision)

Setting-up Coordination: Establishing coordination Establishing assessment coordination structure Inter-Cluster Coordinator (OCHA) Cluster Coordinators from different clusters Assessment and Information Management working group or Information Management Working Group (IASC Guidance on Coordinated Assessment 2012) Inter-Cluster Coordination Group/meeting

Determining current state of needs assessments

Setting-up Coordination: Determining current state of needs assessments Before starting the discussion on Coordinated Assessments, try to determine the state of Coordinated Assessment. Establish Assessment registry and analyze the current assessments gaps. Use data sharing agreements and protocols to promote sharing of data by partners. Registry of indicators collected by sectors and partners

Global Assessment Registry https://www.humanitarianresponse.info/en/assessments

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