B1 – Cell Biology – Eukaryotic and Prokaryotic Cells Sketch and label an animal cell: Sketch and label a plant cell: Sketch and label a bacteria cell. Draw and label 2 specialised cells and describe the function of these adaptations. Explain the function of: Nucleus – Cell membrane – Cytoplasm – Cell wall – Chloroplast – Vacuole – List at least 3 differences between a light microscope and an electron microscope: Describe the differences between an eukaryotic cell and a prokaryotic cell. Which organelles are we able to view from a light microscope? Which extra organelles can we view by using an electron microscope? What is cell differentiation?

B1 – Cell Biology – Mitosis, Binary Fission and Stem Cells Where is our genetic information found? Chromosomes are made of long strands of what? Small sections of this are called what? Human cells contain how many chromosomes? Human cells contain how many pairs of chromosomes? Describe what mitosis is and why it is needed. Describe what happens during mitosis to the chromosomes. What in binary fission? What are the 4 stages? 1) 2) 3) 4) What potential uses do stem cells have in medicine? What are the dangers of using stem cells? Give an argument for why embryo stem cells should not be used in medicine: Give 2 arguments for why embryo stem cells should be used in medicine: State what is special about stem cells: Name the 2 different types of stem cell: Why are embryo stem cells more useful than adult stem cells? Where are stem cells in plants found? Why are they useful to farmers? Describe what happens at each stage during the cell cycle.

B1 – Cell Biology – Diffusion, Osmosis, Active transport Define osmosis: Define diffusion: Define active transport: If a plant cell is put into pure water, describe what will happen. Use the keywords: Osmosis, concentration, concentration gradient: If a plant cell is put into a strong sugar solution, describe what will happen. Use the keywords: Osmosis, concentration, concentration gradient: Describe 2 examples of where active transport is used. Animal example: Plant example:

B1– Exchange Surfaces and Gas Exchange What are the general features of an exchange surface? Humans Explain how each feature of the villi aids efficient exchange: Large surface area: Very thin walls: Good blood supply: Fish What are the gas exchange surfaces in fish called? Which gases are exchanged in fish and where do these gases come from? Explain how the following gill adaptations aid efficient gas exchange: Gill filaments: Lamellae: Fish gas exchange involves a countercurrent systrm. What does this involve? Why is it important? Humans Explain how each feature of the alveoli aids efficient gas exchange: Large surface area: Moist lining: Very thin walls: Good blood supply: Plants Which gases need to be exchanged within a leaf? What are the tiny holes in a leaf called? Why are they important? Which cells control their opening/closing?