WECC Load Composition Model Presentation for WECC Significant Electrification Task Force August 2019

How We Construct Dynamic Load Models Temperature Profile, Season Building Models Temperature-dependent cooling and heating models Base Load shapes (Lighting, Cooking, Refrigeration, …) End-Use Load Shape “Rules of Association” Mapping between end-uses and CMLD model components, ( e.g. “Cooling” = 80% Motor A + 20% Motor B) Load Model Component Shape 24h 24h Cooling Ventilation Refirgeration …. Motor A Motor B … Power Electronic Constant Current … End-Use Electrification

Increasing Percentage of Electric End-Uses Are Connected to the System through Power Electronics 60 HP Fan Motor Variable Frequency Drive

Increasing Percentage of Electric End-Uses Are Connected to the System through Power Electronics Cooling Tower Fan Variable Frequency Drive 60 HP Fan Motor Cooling Water Pump

Rules of Association – Existing   Heating Cooling Vent Water Heat Cooking Refrig ExtLight IntLight Office Equip Misc Process Motors AirComp Motor A 0.3 0.8 1 Motor B 0.05 0.85 0.2 0.5 Motor C 0.1 Motor D Power Electronic 0.15 DG Static P Resistive 0.7 Static P Current

Rules of Association – Commercial Energy Efficiency   Heating Cooling Vent Water Heat Cooking Refrig ExtLight IntLight Office Equip Misc Process Motors Air Comp Motor A 0.3 1 Motor B 0.2 Motor C Motor D Power Electronic 0.5 DG Static P Resistive 0.7 0.8 Static P Current

Existing Load Composition Northern California Valley – Summer Peak Motor A – 3ph compressor Motor B – fans Motor C – pump, small fan Motor D – 1ph compressor

Commercial Energy Efficiency Load Composition Northern California Valley – Summer Peak

EE plus 20% residential EV Load Composition Northern California Valley – Summer Peak

Stability Studies where Dynamic Load Matters Faults, voltage recovery, loss of load in large metro areas Intertie power and voltage swings Inter-area power oscillations Frequency response

Let’s Discuss the Studies…