What is ocean acidification? Lesson 1 of 5 Developed by Brian Erickson (erickson.bd@gmail.com) ©2017

Shellfish A general term, often describing food Animals with a shell/exoskeleton Live in water Includes: Oysters, mussels, clams, slugs (Mollusks) Shrimp, lobsters, crabs (Crustaceans) Urchins, sea stars, sand dollars (Echinoderms) You were looking at a few examples of shellfish. This is a general term often used to describe food. Picture from By Gary Houston (Own work) [CC0], via Wikimedia Commons, https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File%3AShellfish-Plage-de-Portez-20060525-018.jpg

"There will be a lot of talk about 'seed' in the upcoming video "There will be a lot of talk about 'seed' in the upcoming video. Seed oysters are small oysters, about 2–25 mm long. They are provided primarily to oyster growers, but they can also be used to restore natural oyster populations or natural ecosystems, and for research. Oyster seed production starts with parent oysters (broodstock) which provide eggs and sperm (gametes). Fertilized eggs become microscopic oyster larvae, which swim freely for about two weeks before metamorphosing, or changing, into oyster "spat," or juvenile oysters. After a few weeks or months, the spat are considered seed oysters." Image from Chesapeake Quarterly, Maryland Sea Grant, accessed 06-19-2017 http://www.chesapeakequarterly.net/images/uploads/siteimages/CQ/V14N4/p-04_JNorton_OysterLifeCycle_MDSG-large.png “seed”

The Case of the Dying Oysters As you watch, consider the questions in your notes Give students 10 minutes to read and answer questions, then discuss for 5 minutes (~15 minutes total) After student brainstorm, mention they just did what scientists and engineers do all the time: identify a problem, come up with possible causes and ways to test their ideas. The hatchery managers and scientists did they same thing… (next slide)

Human activities release CO2. The ocean absorbs ~25% of anthropogenic CO2. Ocean chemistry changes. Remind students to fill in their notes with the steps presented

Less seagrass could mean fewer fish to catch. An example: Carbonate, used for shell building, becomes less available. It takes more energy to make shells, leading to fewer & smaller shellfish. Shellfish filter water. Fewer shellfish could lead to cloudier water. Cloudy water makes it harder for seagrasses to do photosynthesis. Seagrass beds are important habitat for young fish. Less seagrass could mean fewer fish to catch. This could impact humans who rely on fish for food & jobs. Mention that we aren’t only talking about fishermen and fish eaters. This also could impact restaurants, people who work at packing plants, ice plants, truck drivers, dock workers, government scientists… Oyster filtering image: http://tinyurl.com/ycm7bxjw

Ocean acidification: the change in ocean chemistry due to increasing amounts of anthropogenic carbon dioxide (CO2) in the atmosphere (Mention to students that the yellow, underlined words match the blanks in their notes) Ocean acidification is often defined as a change in pH, but this misses some of the key points. We are calling it a “change in ocean chemistry,” and over the next few days we’ll find out what this means and why it is important to have a broader definition. Photo by Lance Asper- https://unsplash.com/search/photos/wave?photo=n3cVKwAugtc Anthropogenic: human created; coming from humans or their activities

Turn & Talk- what is this diagram showing? https://serc.carleton.edu/eslabs/carbon/2a.html

Is human breathing responsible for the rise of CO2 in the atmosphere? https://serc.carleton.edu/eslabs/carbon/2a.html

The global carbon cycle (black arrows show pre-industrial conditions, red arrows/text show changes to the carbon cycle by human activity) IPCC 2013. Chapter 6