I. Intro to Acids & Bases Definitions Properties Uses

HCl + H2O  H3O+ + Cl– A. Definitions Acids Ionize to form hydronium ions (H3O+) in water HCl + H2O  H3O+ + Cl–

NH3 + H2O  NH4+ + OH- A. Definitions Bases Dissociate or ionize to form hydroxide ions (OH-) in water NH3 + H2O  NH4+ + OH-

A. Definitions Indicator substance that changes color in an acid or base Examples: litmus - red/blue phenolphthalein - colorless/pink goldenrod - yellow/red red cabbage juice - pink/green

B. Properties ACIDS BASES sour taste corrosive electrolytes turn litmus red react with metals to form H2 gas bitter taste corrosive electrolytes turn litmus blue slippery feel

C. Uses ACIDS H3PO4 - soft drinks, fertilizer, detergents H2SO4 - fertilizer, car batteries HCl - gastric juice HC2H3O2 - vinegar

C. Uses BASES NaOH - lye, drain and oven cleaner Mg(OH)2 - laxative, antacid NH3 - cleaners, fertilizer