Mosquito Control Matters Gary Goodman General Manager Sacramento-Yolo Mosquito & Vector Control District Good afternoon and thank u for being here today and making this day a priority. My name is LMR and I’m the PIO with the District. As you know, our District is collaborating with the City of Davis on this community based mosquito control program where the city is seeking volunteers to assist with mosquito control activities that we’ll be discussing today. This is the first meeting we have for the potential volunteers participating in this project and to start we want to give you an overview of the work the District does. In essence, the presentation I’m about to give is divided into 2 sections, first of all, I’ll be providing an overview of the District, talk about WNV, and our integrated mosquito management approach and the second half of the presentation will focus on the a discussion regarding the volunteer opportunities you may be involved in.

Sacramento and Yolo Counties ~1.5 million Residents Urban Yolo: ~300,000 Residents Ag/Rural Our District provides mosquito control services to almost 1.5million residents within both of the counties we serve

District Species 53 California species 24 District species Different habitats, behavior, blood sources

Mosquito Life Cycle 4 development stages (egg/larva/pupa/adult) Immature stages need standing water (egg/larva/pupa)

Egg Morphology Eggs laid in a boat-shaped raft (or singly) White when first laid Then darken to a light brown in a few hours 1.0 mm long, one end bluntly rounded and the other pointed

Length from egg to adult? 3 to 5 days for flood water species [i.e. Aedes] 7 to 10 days for standing water species [i.e Culex] 14 to 21 days for rice field species [i.e Anopheles]

Feeding Habits Only the female bites Males feed on plant juices

What Attracts Mosquitoes To A Host? Carbon dioxide (CO2) Perspiration Warmth Body odor

When Are Mosquitoes Most Active? All year round Time of day Dusk and Dawn (Culex & Anopheles) Daytime (Aedes)

How Long Do Mosquitoes Live? Depends on season (winter/summer) and species In summer 2 weeks Aedes longer lived than Culex.

How Far Can A Mosquito Fly From A Development Site? Flight Range Distance Species Short Few blocks to a mile Cx. pipiens Ae. sierrensis Medium 3 to 10 miles Cx. tarsalis Long 10 to 40 miles An. freeborni Ae. melanimon

When Does Mosquito Season Begin? January-February Temperature Warm spell in February March-April Temperatures continue to warm Spring showers bring May mosquitoes May-October Active species: Anopheles, Aedes, Culex

Mosquitoes of Concern

Anopheles “Rice Field” mosquito Overwinters as adult in late fall First warm days of winter very aggressive Circle of Life

Aedes sierrensis AKA the “Tree hole” Mosquito Commonly found in Urban areas with trees Vicious mammal biter Does not fly far Responsible for Dog Heartworm Early Spring

Culex Culex tarsalis Culex pipiens Common Name: Encephalitis mosquito Common Name: Northern House Mosquito

Invasive Species? Ongoing surveillance for invasive mosquito species within our District area Invasive mosquitoes are well established throughout central and southern California. These are aggressive day biting mosquitoes capable of transmitting Zika, dengue and chikungunya

Adult Mosquito Surveillance Sac-Yolo Locker Trap Gravid Trap American Light Trap BG Counter Traps

Encephalitis virus surveillance Dead bird collections Sentinel chickens EVS (live mosquitoes)

Invasive species surveillance Aedes albopictus Aedes aegypti

Invasive species surveillance

Immature mosquito surveillance Field technicians collect samples Laboratory technicians identify Update database

Pesticide resistance testing and management Test mosquito populations for resistance to pesticides

Public health vector identification

Insectary

Sacramento County Public Health Lab

Laboratory Programs Adult and immature mosquito surveillance Encephalitis virus (WEE, WNV, SLE) surveillance Invasive species surveillance Malaria and Dengue surveillance Yellowjacket surveillance Tick and tick disease surveillance Africanized honeybee surveillance Public health vector identification Pesticide resistance management Research and special projects

Research and special projects University of California researchers Other universities Manufacturers / Industry

Mosquito-Transmitted Diseases Malaria Zika Chikungunya Dog-Heartworm Encephalitis WEE and SLE West Nile virus Next one has yet to be determined

WNV Activity in California Year Human Cases Potential Cases 2018 218 6,000-15,000 2017 536 12,000-27,000 2016 442 10,000-23,000 2015 783 18,000-41,000 2014 801 17,000-39,000 2013 372 7,000-17,000 **WNV is extremely under reported. The Centers for Disease Control estimates that for every neuroinvasive case confirmed, there are approximately 30-70 cases that are not reported** These are the numbers of confirmed human cases for the past 5 years. Its important to note that often times, the disease goes undiagnosed. The CDC estimates that for every case reported there are 30-70 others that are not reported.

How you can help…

What Is A Homeowner To Do? Follow the 7Ds Drain Dress Avoid Dusk & Dawn Defend Doors/windows District You can do these too!

After the rain, remember to DRAIN! Clean out gutters Empty containers

DRESS Protectively! More clothes, less skin! A bit impractical in Sacramento Valley

Mosquitoes are most Active and Feeding at DAWN AND DUSK Avoid DAWN AND DUSK Mosquitoes are most Active and Feeding at DAWN AND DUSK …again, admittedly tough to do on the warm valley floor

Protect yourself ! Repellents (CDC Website) DEET Picaridin 23.8% DEET = ~5 hours of protection 20% DEET = ~4 hours of protection 6.65% DEET = ~2 hours of protection 4.75% DEET = ~1.5 hour of protection. Picaridin Oil of Lemon Eucalyptus IR 3535

What defense does “not work” Garlic, Dryer sheets, Bananas, B-1 vitamins If a little is good, a lot is better….NOT!

Doors and Windows Mosquitoes feed at night Generally no defense! Don’t let them in!

Contact your District Advice Trained Personnel Surveillance IPM Control

Report Dead Birds Report dead birds to the dead bird hotline: 1-877-WNV-BIRD Or online at: www.westnile.ca.gov

Prevention: What Can You Do? Follow the District D’s DRAIN Standing Water DAWN and DUSK Are Times To Avoid Being Outdoors DRESS In Long Sleeves & Pants When Outside DEFEND Yourself With An Effective Repellent DOORS and Screens Should Be In Good Working Condition DISTRICT Personnel Are Available To Help

Mosquito and Vector Control Sacramento-Yolo Mosquito and Vector Control District 1-800-429-1022 www.FIGHTtheBITE.net These are some of the preliminary volunteer ideas we’ve collaboratively come up with the City of Davis. As we gauge interest, total number of volunteers and availability perhaps we will continue to expand. Thank you for your time and participation!