Introduction to Earth Structure

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Presentation transcript:

Introduction to Earth Structure A Big Picture Overview

To sustain such topography the earth must be dynamic

Earth’s primary Layered structure

What is the “shallow” structure? Shallow = ~ 200 km Note the names of the layers and thicknesses. Not labelled: Inner core begins at ~ 5,150 km depth

CRUST and UPPER MANTLE

Note: does not show full lithospheric depth!

Bathymetry (topography of the ocean floor)

8000 m - 10,400 m Reference (“0”) Features of the topography?

“Hypsometric Curve”

Typical Numbers for “crustal thickness” Continental: Average ~ 35 km Continental: Range: 20 – 75 km Oceanic: Average ~ 7 km Oceanic: Range ~ 5 – 10 km Lithosphere: (fill in yourself!) Asthenosphere: (fill in yourself!)

Cross section of the earth

EARTH’S DENSITY AS A FUNCTION OF DEPTH APPROXIMATE COMPOSITION OF MAJOR LAYERS

DENSITY vs DEPTH

Composition in the major layers of the Earth

What is the earth made of?

What is the temperature inside the earth? “geothermal gradient”

All this suggests the earth has a roughly “layered structure” What is the layered structure? How was it discovered? All this suggests the earth has a roughly “layered structure”

http://ds.iris.edu/seismon/swaves/

Cross section of the earth

Earth’s magnetic field is not the result of a “bar magnet” in the interior.

Earth’s Magnetic Field Reversal (Simulation)