EDTHP 115 4/28/03 Final week: Instruction and Instructional Leadership: The role of the teacher How do we improve the Curriculum and Instructional Practices? Are there good examples anywhere? Examples past and present Federal Role in Education (vs. local role) and Strategies that they use. Connecting the foundations of education

Teaching My Bias Individual and Organizational Professionalization (Chaps. 1 and 2) Working with Children Efforts at Controlling, Limiting, Dictating Teacher Practice Efforts at Liberating Efforts and Networking and Strengthening

Teaching: Past & Present Rules for Teachers in the 1800s Poor Quality of Teachers Reasons for low quality Efforts to Train Teachers through Normal Schools Female Teachers and Feminization Married Teachers Progressive Era New Freedoms New Responsibilities New Demands and Authority and Structures The Schools Take on New Responsibilities—Health and Welfare

Teaching Teacher Unions: AFT and NEA Teacher Professionalization Loyalty Oaths Bad Pay and Criticisms of the 1950s Teacher-Proof Curriculum of the 1960s Example of Distar Effective Schools, 1970s

Teaching 1950s-Present Free Schools and Alternative Schools, 1960s & 1970s Examples: Summerhill, Parkway Teaching after A Nation at Risk Systemic Reform and Professional Development Charter Schools (the good and the bad) Standards-based Reform NCLB what we’re hearing in terms of research and practice: CCSSO, etc. And criticisms as related to teacher creativity

1950s—Critiques of Progressive Education & Reactions Albert Lynd, Quackery in the Public Schools, 1950 Arthur Bestor, Educational Wastelands, 1953 Rudolf F. Flesch, Why Johnny Can’t Read—and what you can do about it, 1955 Harsh critiques of Life Adjustment Education—video clip Life Magazine, 1958 In addition to desegregation—an oddly simultaneous reform push was going on (or was excellence push perhaps a reaction to desegregation—wanted schools to focus on high quality not equality)

Federal Strategies that we will focus on: Role of the Federal Government—legislation and litigation Federal involvement in education very limited up through WWII Northwest Ordinance Morrill Act 1862 Smith Hughes Act School Lunch Program Role sponsoring and disseminating research and info about other programmatic issues, collecting statistics, (some building funds) NDEA 1958 ESEA 1965 Bilingual Education Act 1968 P.L. 94-142 Goals 2000 No Child Left behind Pause here and touch on combined role of feds in deseg and in NDEA and beyond