Soviet Nostalgia UASCORE 2016 - 2018 Variables from Phase 1 & Phase 2 Panel sample: 6102

Soviet Nostalgia: Heatmaps 2016 - 2018

? ? 0.34 0.17 All Ukraine East Ukraine Soviet Nostalgia: Stability of Soviet Nostalgia 2016 - 2018 All Ukraine East Ukraine ? ? 0.34 0.17 Soviet Nostalgia 2016 Soviet Nostalgia 2018 Soviet Nostalgia 2016 Soviet Nostalgia 2018 Soviet Nostalgia The extent to which one regrets the collapse of the Soviet Union and believes that life was better before 1991.

State Services Economic Security Soviet Nostalgia: Protective Factors in Eastern Ukraine Protective/resilience factors: interrupt link between Soviet Nostalgia T1 and T2 State Services Economic Security Soviet Nostalgia 2016 Soviet Nostalgia 2018 Dnipropetrovska has lowest level of economic security, indicating that it would be a good target for interventions. Intervention on state services for older age group in Kharkivska would be beneficial as this has lowest state services score.

Soviet Nostalgia: Distribution in Ukraine

Soviet Nostalgia: Distribution in the Eastern Ukraine

Soviet Nostalgia Profiles Soviet Nostalgia: Cluster profiles for Eastern Ukraine Soviet Nostalgia Profiles Steady High (8.50 to 8.54) Oldest (57), conservative and pro-Russian group, who think authorities do not care. Low in economic and personal security, they think that ordinary people can not change things in society. Increasing (2.80 to 7.43) Increasingly pro-Russia group, with low economic security, they think authorities do not care. They are becoming more and more pessimistic about the country’s future. Decreasing (7.20 to 3.53) With anti-Russia orientation, this group believes that authorities care. They have high employment status and see increase in satisfaction with state services. Optimistic about the country’s future. Steady Low (2.50 to 2.51) Youngest (39), least conservative, this group supports pro-EU most. With high employment status, they are optimistic about the country’s future. Cluster group: Soviet Nostalgia T1 Soviet Nostalgia T2 Steady High 8.50 8.54 Increasing 2.80 7.43 Decreasing 7.20 3.53 Steady Low 2.50 2.51

Soviet Nostalgia: Moderators tested that did not work in Eastern Ukraine Psychosocial Index   Anti-east Social skills  Anti-west Depression Perceived corruption Civic responsibility Marginalisation Civic optimism  Civic engagement Information consumption Exposure to Pro-Russia media    Community cooperation  Vocational and literacy skills Social competence Education level   Family support Income level   Family coherence Ukrainian nationalism   Empathy Conservative values Pro-EU orientation   Readiness for violence Perceived EU benefit   Positive entrepreneurship environment Pro-free market orientation   Negative stereotypes pro-EU Trust in media Intergroup contact frequency: Maidan activists Social tolerance Intergroup tension Pro-HR Fatigue from conflict