Bellringer: 10/28 and 10/29 Take out your notes on Classical India and China. Review them on your own or with a partner for the first 5 minutes of class.

table of contents Update: Page #41: Classical India and China Wrap-Up Assessment Page #42: Notes: Persian Empire

Agenda: 10/28 and 10/29 1. Bellringer: Classical India/China Wrap- up 2. Quiz Replacement/Test Return 3. Notes: Persian Empire 4. Crash Course Video 5. Greece Unit Intro

Homework: 10/28 and 10/29 Read/notes on Ch. 5, Section 1 Bring your textbook next class if possible.

Persian Empire Ms. Allen 2015-16 Pre-AP WH

Geography: Read/notes on Ch. 5, Section 1 -stretched over 7.5 million kilometers at its peak -located near major bodies of water (Black, Mediterranean seas) and huge rivers including the Indus and Nile -relied on system of roads to maintain unity of the empire -to the north were large mountain ranges that provided natural barriers

Geography: Persia Stretched over 7.5 million KM at its peak Includes: Modern-day Iran/Iraq, Asia Minor (Turkey), parts of North Africa, SE Europe (Balkans) Near major bodies of water Black Sea, Mediterranean Sea, Tigris & Euphrates Rivers, Persian Gulf Large territory - need roads for unification Has natural barriers Mountain ranges to the NORTH -stretched over 7.5 million kilometers at its peak -located near major bodies of water (Black, Mediterranean seas) and huge rivers including the Indus and Nile -relied on system of roads to maintain unity of the empire -to the north were large mountain ranges that provided natural barriers

REligion: Persia Religion: ZOROASTRIANISM Technically, the 1st monotheistic religion in history (not one of the 5 major world religions) Based on teachings of Zoroaster, the founder and prophet of Zoroastrianism Holy text: Avesta Belief: Only one true god (Ahura Mazda); balance of light vs. dark/good vs. evil in the world Accepted as the official religion of Persia --Zoroastrianism was the major religion -first monotheistic religion recorded in history (developed around 8th – 6th century BCE) -based on the teachings and philosophies of Zoroaster, the religion's prophet and founder -most important text in the religion is the Avesta, which is written in Avestan, a language formerly spoken throughout the empire -this religion states that there is only one true ruler, but lesser gods control the good and bad in the word -it was accepted by the emperors as the official religion of the empire

Achievements/Advancements: Persia Various art styles due to size of state IRON, IRON, IRON (as well as other metals) Why does it make sense that iron and precious metals are part of the Persian culture/innovation? Many languages spoken Royal Road was constructed Postal system Legal system based on tolerance -due to the size of the empire, art differed from state to start -the value and uses of iron were made known throughout the empire -many languages were spoken because of the many cultures of the Persian people -the general philosophy throughout Persia was that lying was the worst of all sins and was punishable by death

Only took 7 days to travel from end-to-end on the Royal Road

Political/government: Persia Bureaucratic system in place in Persia Empire divided into satraps (regions) ruled by a leader called a satrap, appointed by the emperor Each strap had to help build roads to increase communication in large empire Generally tolerant rulers due to diverse population Expansionist tendencies = conflict with Greece Two important leaders: Darius and Cyrus ~Empire divided into 23 regional satrapies, each ruled by a satrap that was appointed by the emperor. ~Each satrap was required to build and maintain roads that extended throughout the territory in order to keep communication ~Generally tolerant of all religions due to size of the empire and its diverse people ~Built on the principals of truth and justice ~Although each satrap had local independence, the royal inspectors reported on satrapies progress ~ Darius I first proposed the system of roads and established a tax collection system ~ the continued expansion lead to conflicts with Greece

Cyrus (the Great) Founder of the Persian Empire Conquered many lands Easy b/c people wanted to join the Persian Empire Called Cyrus the Great b/c people loved him (tolerant) Known for his tolerance of other religions and cultures Allowed the Hebrews to return to and rebuild the city of Jerusalem

Cambyses (the Not-So-Great) Cyrus’ son Terrible emperor Evil, intolerant, violent Dynasty falls after his rule

Darius (The Pretty Good) Victor of a “mini-civil war” after Cambyses’ death Claims throne of Persia Carries on the traditions of Cyrus the Great Not as great as Cyrus, but still a good and tolerant ruler Expands Persia to its largest extent

Economics/economy: Persia Money economy, not barter economy Darius creates silver/gold coin system Trade involved in economy Traded with India, SW Asia, Greece, Egypt through extensive trade routes Trade along the Royal Road - traded with India, Southwest Asia, and Egypt through extensive trade routes - despite conflict with Greece, there was still a trade connection that allowed for an artistic and philosophical exchange. - Darius revolutionized the economy by placing it on a silver and gold coinage system

Social: Persia Slavery = forbidden Definite social stratification There were defined social classes in Persia: 1. King/royals 2. Zoroastrian priests 3. Merchants 4. Craftsmen (skilled laborers) 5. Peasants/farmers (unskilled laborer) -Slavery was forbidden however there was a definite social class system -priests had high status, only below the king and royal family -merchants, craftsmen and peasants were among the bottom of the social class system

Crash Course Video