Decline and Fall of Ancient Rome Chapter 13.5 Objective: By the end of this lesson you should be able to list the causes of the fall of the Roman Empire and explain how each contributed to weakening Rome.
1. The empire was too big Eastern Roman Empire Western Roman Empire Constantinople Rome Western Roman Empire
1. The Empire was too big A. Border too large to defend B. Soldiers became more like locals C. Too much peace made army weak D. Invasions by Germanic tribes beginning in 406 (also called “Barbarians”) Visigoths sack Rome in 410, the Vandals (Attila the Hun) sack again in 455
Invasions by Barbarians Eastern Roman Empire stays together for 1000 years after the fall of Rome.
Barbarian Invaders
2. Religious Problems
2. Religious Problems Multiple religions didn’t get along Different Christian groups fight for control Emperor let people give property to the church—couldn’t tax it. Clergy did not have to pay taxes Church got more control over time
3. Political Problems
3. Political problems Civil wars between different groups Some emperors inherited power but were not capable of ruling well Some emperors were murdered Too many slaves working farms = unemployment of Romans and slave revolts.
4. Social Problems
4. Social Problems Rich (Patricians) did not care about solving problems. Poor paid too many taxes, were unhappy Population shrinking due to starvation and disease (Plague of 165-166 CE kills ¼ to ½ the Roman empire’s population) Gold and silver mines exhausted. Barter economy by 280 C.E. = less trade