Zika virus inhibits type‐I interferon production and downstream signaling A549 cells were treated with IFN‐α (100 U/ml), IFN‐λ (200 ng/ml), or IFN–γ (10.

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Zika virus inhibits type‐I interferon production and downstream signaling A549 cells were treated with IFN‐α (100 U/ml), IFN‐λ (200 ng/ml), or IFN–γ (10 U/ml) for 6 h after which they were infected with ZIKV (MOI = 3) for 18 h (pre‐treatment). Alternatively, cells were first infected with ZIKV for 6 h followed by treatment with IFN for 12 h (post‐treatment). Total RNA was isolated, and levels of ZIKV genomic RNA were determined by qRT–PCR. Values are expressed as mean ± standard error. *P < 0.05, **P < 0.01 (Student's t‐test); N = 3. A549 cells were infected with ZIKV (MOI = 3) for 6 h prior to addition of IFN‐α (100 U/ml), IFN‐λ (200 ng/ml), or IFN‐γ (10 U/ml) for 12 h. Total RNA was isolated, and levels of Ifit1 RNA were determined by qRT–PCR. Values are expressed as mean ± standard error. *P < 0.05, **P < 0.01 (Student's t‐test); N = 3. A549 cells were infected with ZIKV (MOI = 5) for 6 h and then transfected with ISRE or GAS promoter‐driven firefly luciferase together with a constitutively active Renilla luciferase construct. Sixteen hours later, cells were treated with IFN‐α (100 U/ml) or IFN‐γ (10 U/ml) for 2 h. Cells lysates were harvested, and relative luciferase activity from ISRE and GAS promoters were determined. Values are expressed as mean ± standard error. *P < 0.05 (Student's t‐test); N = 3. HEK293T cells were transfected with ZIKV protein expression constructs together with an ISRE promoter‐driven firefly luciferase plasmid (pGL3B/561) and a constitutively active Renilla luciferase construct (pRL‐TK). After 24 h, they were treated with IFN‐α (100 U/ml) for 10 h. Cell lysates were then harvested and subjected to luciferase assays. C, capsid; E, envelope. Values are expressed as mean ± standard error. *P < 0.05 (Student's t‐test); N = 3. IF THIS IMAGE HAS BEEN PROVIDED BY OR IS OWNED BY A THIRD PARTY, AS INDICATED IN THE CAPTION LINE, THEN FURTHER PERMISSION MAY BE NEEDED BEFORE ANY FURTHER USE. PLEASE CONTACT WILEY'S PERMISSIONS DEPARTMENT ON PERMISSIONS@WILEY.COM OR USE THE RIGHTSLINK SERVICE BY CLICKING ON THE 'REQUEST PERMISSIONS' LINK ACCOMPANYING THIS ARTICLE. WILEY OR AUTHOR OWNED IMAGES MAY BE USED FOR NON-COMMERCIAL PURPOSES, SUBJECT TO PROPER CITATION OF THE ARTICLE, AUTHOR, AND PUBLISHER. EMBO Rep, Volume: 17, Issue: 12, Pages: 1766-1775, First published: 24 October 2016, DOI: (10.15252/embr.201642627)