Alan B. MacDonald, M.D., FCAP Alzheimer’s Disease: Signs in the Peripheral Blood: Amyloid deposits On Circulating living Borrelia Biofilms Alan B. MacDonald, M.D., FCAP October 9, 2015 Copyright (c) 2015 by Alan B. MacDonald, MD, FCAP, All Rights Reserved

Actual Particles of amyloid Huge in size in Blood smears 30microns to over 100 microns In diameter Copyright (c) 2015 by Alan B. MacDonald, MD, FCAP, All Rights Reserved

Copyright (c) 2015 by Alan B. MacDonald, MD, FCAP, All Rights Reserved Congo Red Stain For Amyloid Positive ---- Blood smear Dementia patient Copyright (c) 2015 by Alan B. MacDonald, MD, FCAP, All Rights Reserved

Copyright (c) 2015 by Alan B. MacDonald, MD, FCAP, All Rights Reserved Miyamotoi Borrelia DNA Probe BLOOD : Circulating Borrelia Mixed species Biofilm Communities FISH method Burgdorferi Borrelia DNA Probe Copyright (c) 2015 by Alan B. MacDonald, MD, FCAP, All Rights Reserved

Single species Biofilm Community Blood DNA probe For Burgdorferi Borrelia FISH Method Single species Biofilm Community Copyright (c) 2015 by Alan B. MacDonald, MD, FCAP, All Rights Reserved

Single Species Biofilm Community Blood DNA Probe For Miyamotoi Borrelia FISH method Single Species Biofilm Community Copyright (c) 2015 by Alan B. MacDonald, MD, FCAP, All Rights Reserved

Copyright (c) 2015 by Alan B. MacDonald, MD, FCAP, All Rights Reserved Congo Red Stain Peripheral blood Dementia patient -- Huge Particle Of Amyloid/biofilm Copyright (c) 2015 by Alan B. MacDonald, MD, FCAP, All Rights Reserved

Amyloid /biofilm Particle in blood One Red Blood Cell – Diameter 7 microns Copyright (c) 2015 by Alan B. MacDonald, MD, FCAP, All Rights Reserved

Copyright (c) 2015 by Alan B. MacDonald, MD, FCAP, All Rights Reserved BLOOD Copyright (c) 2015 by Alan B. MacDonald, MD, FCAP, All Rights Reserved

Copyright (c) 2015 by Alan B. MacDonald, MD, FCAP, All Rights Reserved BLOOD Copyright (c) 2015 by Alan B. MacDonald, MD, FCAP, All Rights Reserved

In Blood Amyloid /Biofilm Particle Very Large- Notice the Birefringence Some Red areas and Some Green areas Copyright (c) 2015 by Alan B. MacDonald, MD, FCAP, All Rights Reserved

Copyright (c) 2015 by Alan B. MacDonald, MD, FCAP, All Rights Reserved Green arrows Point to Green Birefringence In the Amyloid / biofilm BLOOD Smear Copyright (c) 2015 by Alan B. MacDonald, MD, FCAP, All Rights Reserved

Copyright (c) 2015 by Alan B. MacDonald, MD, FCAP, All Rights Reserved BLOOD Smear Black Arrows Point to The Water Channel Empty spaces In the Biofilm Community Copyright (c) 2015 by Alan B. MacDonald, MD, FCAP, All Rights Reserved

Copyright (c) 2015 by Alan B. MacDonald, MD, FCAP, All Rights Reserved Amyloid Coated Biofilm Communities In Blood - Dementia patient Copyright (c) 2015 by Alan B. MacDonald, MD, FCAP, All Rights Reserved

Copyright (c) 2015 by Alan B. MacDonald, MD, FCAP, All Rights Reserved Congo Red stain Red birefringence BLOOD Copyright (c) 2015 by Alan B. MacDonald, MD, FCAP, All Rights Reserved

Copyright (c) 2015 by Alan B. MacDonald, MD, FCAP, All Rights Reserved

Copyright (c) 2015 by Alan B. MacDonald, MD, FCAP, All Rights Reserved

Copyright (c) 2015 by Alan B. MacDonald, MD, FCAP, All Rights Reserved Alzheimer’s Disease Autopsy Brain With Amyloid/biofilm Plaques Copyright (c) 2015 by Alan B. MacDonald, MD, FCAP, All Rights Reserved

Copyright (c) 2015 by Alan B. MacDonald, MD, FCAP, All Rights Reserved Alzheimer’s Disease Autopsy Brain With Amyloid/biofilm Plaques Copyright (c) 2015 by Alan B. MacDonald, MD, FCAP, All Rights Reserved

Copyright (c) 2015 by Alan B. MacDonald, MD, FCAP, All Rights Reserved Alzheimer’s Disease Autopsy Brain With Amyloid/biofilm Plaques Copyright (c) 2015 by Alan B. MacDonald, MD, FCAP, All Rights Reserved

Copyright (c) 2015 by Alan B. MacDonald, MD, FCAP, All Rights Reserved Alzheimer’s Disease Autopsy Brain With Amyloid/biofilm Plaques Copyright (c) 2015 by Alan B. MacDonald, MD, FCAP, All Rights Reserved

Blood: Amyloid/biofilm Brain Autopsy Amyloid/biofilm Blood: Amyloid/biofilm Copyright (c) 2015 by Alan B. MacDonald, MD, FCAP, All Rights Reserved

Amyloid / Biofilm Units exist In Alzheimer’s Dementia Summation: Amyloid / Biofilm Units exist In Alzheimer’s Dementia Brain Blood Copyright (c) 2015 by Alan B. MacDonald, MD, FCAP, All Rights Reserved

Copyright © Alan B. MacDonald, M.D. October 9,2015 All rights Reserved End of Lecture Copyright © Alan B. MacDonald, M.D. October 9,2015 All rights Reserved Copyright (c) 2015 by Alan B. MacDonald, MD, FCAP, All Rights Reserved

Copyright (c) 2015 by Alan B. MacDonald, MD, FCAP, All Rights Reserved