Schematic diagram of the mechanisms underlying astrocyte-mediated brain ischemic tolerance. Schematic diagram of the mechanisms underlying astrocyte-mediated.

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Presentation transcript:

Schematic diagram of the mechanisms underlying astrocyte-mediated brain ischemic tolerance. Schematic diagram of the mechanisms underlying astrocyte-mediated brain ischemic tolerance. Severe ischemia induces neuronal death (without PC), whereas PC does not cause ischemic injury. Although neuron-derived HIF-1α is upregulated 1 d after PC, this event has no effect on brain injury by severe ischemia. In contrast, 3 d after PC, the upregulation of P2X7 receptors, followed by the upregulation of HIF-1α and neuroprotective molecules (EPO, etc.), is observed in activated astrocytes. Upregulation of P2X7 receptors provides neuroprotection against severe ischemia and induces ischemic tolerance. Yuri Hirayama et al. J. Neurosci. 2015;35:3794-3805 ©2015 by Society for Neuroscience