Review… Causes of the Civil War Slavery States’ rights Westward Expansion Compromise of 1850 Kansas-Nebraska Act John Brown’s Raid Election of 1860

The Civil War (1861-1865)

1860 Presidential Election √ Abraham Lincoln Republican John Bell Constitutional Union 1860 Presidential Election Stephen A. Douglas Northern Democrat John C. Breckinridge Southern Democrat

Election of 1860 and Secession

Secession!: SC Dec. 20, 1860

North vs. South in 1861 North South Advantages ? Disadvantages

Rating the North & the South The North outmatched the South in population and industrial output

Railroad Lines, 1860

Men Present for Duty in the Civil War

The Leaders of the Confederacy Pres. Jefferson Davis VP Alexander Stevens

Overview of the North’s Civil War Strategy: “Anaconda” Plan – cut off supplies from entering and leaving the South

The “Anaconda” Plan

Lincoln’s Generals – Lincoln struggled to find good military minds Winfield Scott Joseph Hooker Ulysses S. Grant Irwin McDowell George McClellan George Meade Ambrose Burnside George McClellan, Again!

McClellan: I Can Do It All!

The Confederate Generals Nathan Bedford Forrest “Stonewall” Jackson Nathan Bedford Forrest George Pickett Jeb Stuart James Longstreet Robert E. Lee

Fort Sumter (April 1861) – First shots fired The South fires on a Union fort after Lincoln tries to send them supplies. The North leaves and prepares for war.

Battle of Bull Run (1st Manassas)

Bull Run was the first real battle and an embarrassing defeat for the North Thomas Jonathan Jackson becomes “Stonewall” Jackson for his demeanor at Bull Run

Battle of Antietam “Bloodiest Single Day of the War” September 17, 1862 23,000 casualties

Antietam: Turning point 1. first major victory for the North 2. enables Lincoln to issue the Emancipation Proclamation

Freeing of the Slaves On September 22, 1862, 5 days after the Battle of Antietam, President Lincoln issued the Emancipation Proclamation

Lincoln’s ultimatum Lincoln warned the Confederate states to end the war, return to the Union, and end 244 years of slavery The South declined, and on January 1, 1863 slaves were freed in the rebellious states

Emancipation- not in the border states

The War in the West, 1863: Vicksburg Victory at Vicksburg gives the Union control of the Mississippi River Siege lasts May 16-July 4, 1863

Gettysburg Casualties Gettysburg is the other great turning point in the war. The South will not launch another attack in the north. The great Army of Northern Virginia led by Robert E. Lee severely weakened

Gettysburg Address “Those who have died shall not have died in vain…Government of, by and for the people shall not perish from this earth.” – Abraham Lincoln

Sherman’s March to the Sea – 1864 William T. Sherman City of Atlanta burned to the ground ‘Scorched Earth’ tactics Destroy raillines, crops and homes Final blow to the South Sherman gives Savannah to Lincoln for Christmas, 1864

The Progress of War: 1861-1865

Appomattox April 9, 1865: Lee surrenders to Grant Bloodiest war fought on U.S. soil = over

Surrender at Appomattox April 9, 1865

Civil War Casualties in Comparison to Other Wars

Second Inaugural Address “Scourge of war” brought upon by God as punishment for slavery Encouraged cooperation between North and South Has lenient reconstruction plans for the South

Ford’s Theater (April 14, 1865)

The Assassin John Wilkes Booth

The Assassination

Now He Belongs to the Ages!

The Execution

Lincoln in wartime Lincoln expanded Presidential powers to accomplish his goals Suspended habeas corpus to prevent Maryland from seceding (arresting pro-slavery leaders) Military actions without consent of congress Censorship of speech and press Retroactively made some actions legal through congress