Fig. 2 Electrical and scanning probe characterization.

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Fig. 2 Electrical and scanning probe characterization. Electrical and scanning probe characterization. (A) Cross-sectional schematic of the test structure showing the four-probe configuration. Electrical current flows in the graphene top layer, and heat dissipates across layers, into the substrate. (B) Optical image of a four-probe test structure. Devices are back-gated by the Si substrate through 100-nm SiO2. (C) Measured transfer characteristics of three test structure stacks, Gr/MoS2/WSe2, Gr/WSe2, and Gr-only control devices in vacuum (~10−5 torr). All measurements display the ambipolar property of the top graphene channel. (D) KPM of an uncapped Gr/MoS2/WSe2 heterostructure device. The graph displays the surface potential along the channel (averaged across the channel width) at different bias conditions. The small potential jump near the Pd electrodes represents the relative work function difference (~120 mV). The KPM maps reveal no other heterogeneities in the surface potential, confirming the spatially uniform quality of these devices. The inset shows the zero-bias KPM map. (E) SThM thermal map of Gr/MoS2/WSe2 heterostructure, here capped with 15-nm Al2O3, revealing homogeneous heating across the channel. This confirms the uniformity of the thermal interlayer coupling in the stacks. The device dimensions are the same as in the (D) inset. Sam Vaziri et al. Sci Adv 2019;5:eaax1325 Copyright © 2019 The Authors, some rights reserved; exclusive licensee American Association for the Advancement of Science. No claim to original U.S. Government Works. Distributed under a Creative Commons Attribution NonCommercial License 4.0 (CC BY-NC).