Periodic Table Breakdown

Dmitri Mendeleev Father of the Periodic Table Russian scientist circa mid 1800s Arranged Periodic Table by atomic weights & chemical properties SONG!!!!

Rows or Periods

Groups or Families

Elements in the same groups (or families) have: Similar properties The same number of valence electrons (outermost e-)

Metals

Metals Metals are lustrous (shiny), malleable, ductile, and are good conductors of heat and electricity. They are mostly solids at room temp. What is one exception? Hydrogen – it doesn’t have a family 

Nonmetals

Nonmetals Nonmetals are the opposite. They are dull, brittle, nonconductors (insulators). Some are solid, but many are gases, and Bromine is a liquid.

Metalloids

Metalloids Metalloids, aka semi- metals are just that. They have characteristics of both metals and nonmetals. They are shiny but brittle. And they are semiconductors (can conduct electricity under some conditions but not others, making it a good medium for the control of electrical current) Silicon – used in electronic devices and solar panels

Can you sing THIS?

Periodic Table Groups/ Families

Alkali Metals Very reactive metals Do not occur freely in nature One valence electron – therefore likely to form ionic bond Can explode if exposed to water! Yikes!

“Chemistry is a bit like that: powerful enough to do great things in the world, but also dangerous enough to do terrible things just as easily. If you don’t respect it, chemistry bites.” ~Theodore Gray~

Alkaline Earth Metals Oxidation number of +2 making them very reactive, but tamer than Alkali metals Because so reactive, alkaline earth metals are NOT found freely in nature

Transition Metals Valence electrons are present in more than one shell Pretty stable, but some oxidize slowly Iron, Cobalt, & Nickel are the only metals that produce a magnetic field

Inner Transition Metals (Rare Earths) Lanthanides & Actinides All of the actinides are radioactive Many are called “trans-uranium” which means synthetic, or man- made

Halogens Term halogen means “salt- former” Highly reactive (seeking one e-) By itself, very smelly substances Compounds containing halogens are called “salts”

Noble Gases Full outer shell – 8 valence electrons Noble gases do not form compounds readily Elements are stable on its own