Lesson 1.2 Suspect Profiling Definitions and templates for: Case Notes 1.2 l Investigation Activity 1.2

Saccharomyces cerevisiae Viral Types Penicillium spp. Escherichia coli O157:H7 Saccharomyces cerevisiae

Definition Bacteria Single-cell microorganism with no clearly defined nucleus (prokaryote), capable of self-replication. Bacteria usually reproduce by one cell splitting in two. With ideal conditions they split every half hour. In 12 hours one cell could multiply into 33 million cells! Bacteria Single-cell microorganisms with no clearly defined nucleus (prokaryote) although they have an irregularly shaped region called a nucleoid. Bacteria are capable of self-replication and usually reproduce when one cell splits in two.

Definition Bacteria Bacteria can use most carbohydrates, fats, and proteins as sources of nutrients. Because of this you can find them nearly everywhere In air, soil, and water In intestines of animals and humans On raw meat, poultry, and seafood

Definition Bacteria can also be on Skins of fruits and vegetables Shells of nuts Insects and rodents Hand, skin, hair, and clothing of people

Definition Bacteria Some bacteria have the ability to form seed like structures that allows them to survive for longer periods of time under inhospitable conditions. This form is called a spore.

Definition Virus A piece of nucleic acid (DNA or RNA) surrounded by a protein membrane. A virus cannot reproduce on its own. It must infect the cell of another living organism before it can replicate. Viruses Pieces of nucleic acid (DNA or RNA) surrounded by a protein membrane. A virus cannot reproduce on its own. It must infect the cell of another living organism before it can replicate.

Definition Fungi A kingdom of organisms that include mushrooms, molds, and yeasts. Fungi A kingdom of organisms that includes mushrooms, molds, and yeasts. Two types of fungi commonly associated with food are: Yeasts: unicellular fungi that usually go through cell division by budding. Although they are unicellular (single cell) organisms, yeasts commonly grow together in groups to break down sugar and starches. Yeasts require moist or wet environments to grow. Molds: multi-cellular, filamentous fungi that grew very quickly by asexual reproduction. Molds need little water, but do need the right temperature and level of oxygen to grow. They prefer room or higher temperatures.

Definition Two types of fungi commonly associated with food microbiology are Mold Yeast Fungi A kingdom of organisms that includes mushrooms, molds, and yeasts. Two types of fungi commonly associated with food are: Yeasts: unicellular fungi that usually go through cell division by budding. Although they are unicellular (single cell) organisms, yeasts commonly grow together in groups to break down sugar and starches. Yeasts require moist or wet environments to grow. Molds: multi-cellular, filamentous fungi that grew very quickly by asexual reproduction. Molds need little water, but do need the right temperature and level of oxygen to grow. They prefer room or higher temperatures. Saccharomyces cerevisiae Penicillium spp.

Definition Mold Multi-cellular, filamentous fungi that grow very quickly by asexual reproduction. Need little water. Do need the right temperature and level of oxygen to grow. Prefer room or higher temperatures. Fungi A kingdom of organisms that includes mushrooms, molds, and yeasts. Two types of fungi commonly associated with food are: Yeasts: unicellular fungi that usually go through cell division by budding. Although they are unicellular (single cell) organisms, yeasts commonly grow together in groups to break down sugar and starches. Yeasts require moist or wet environments to grow. Molds: multi-cellular, filamentous fungi that grew very quickly by asexual reproduction. Molds need little water, but do need the right temperature and level of oxygen to grow. They prefer room or higher temperatures.

Definition Yeast Unicellular fungi that usually go through cell division by budding. Although they are unicellular (single cell) organisms, yeasts commonly grow together in groups to break down sugar and starches. Yeasts require moist or wet environments. Fungi A kingdom of organisms that includes mushrooms, molds, and yeasts. Two types of fungi commonly associated with food are: Yeasts: unicellular fungi that usually go through cell division by budding. Although they are unicellular (single cell) organisms, yeasts commonly grow together in groups to break down sugar and starches. Yeasts require moist or wet environments to grow. Molds: multi-cellular, filamentous fungi that grew very quickly by asexual reproduction. Molds need little water, but do need the right temperature and level of oxygen to grow. They prefer room or higher temperatures.

Definition Parasite An organism that lives on or in another organism often at the expense of the host organism. Parasites Organisms that live on or in another organism often at the expense of the host organism. Pigs eating raw garbage Raw or inadequate cooking Giardia on intestinal wall (Image by S. Wade)

Case Notes 1.2

Investigation Activity 1.2

Investigation Activity 1.2 (cont.)

Escherichia coli O157:H7

Viral Types

Giardia lamblia

Penicillium spp.

Scanning Electron Micrograph of Saccharomyces cerevisiae

National GAPs Program © 2007 Department of Food Science Department of Education Cornell University Ithaca, NY 14853 www.gaps.cornell.edu