SEX EDUCATION PROGRAM EVALUATION ABBEY STONEMAN, AMY TROWBRIDGE, CARLY MOORE, & MARIE DANNER

FOCUSES IN SEX EDUCATION Sexual health Sexually Transmitted Diseases Reproduction Contraceptives Sexual Orientation FOCUSES IN SEX EDUCATION

WHO REGULATES SEX EDUCATION PROGRAMS? DETERMINED AT THE STATE AND LOCAL LEVEL CAN BE INFLUENCED BY FEDERAL FUNDING

SEX EDUCATION TIMELINE Teachers asked to include sex education in their curriculum of learning 1912 Sex education is more supported 1960’s Sex education programs are more comprehensive 1980’s 20 states mandate sex education Today nine of which include education on sexual orientation SEX EDUCATION TIMELINE

ABSTINENCE-ONLY Teaches sex after marriage Excludes education on contraceptives and sexual orientation ABSTINENCE-ONLY

COMPREHENSIVE PROGRAM MEDICALLY BASED EDUCATION INCLUDES EDUCATION ON CONTRACEPTIVES

ABSTINENCE-ONLY VS. COMPREHENSIVE Abstinence- only is ineffective in postponing teen sex, reduce the number of sexual partners of teens, increase the use of condoms, or helped sexually active teens become abstinent (Kirby, 2007) Comprehensive sex education was much more likely to decrease risky sexual behavior in teens.

THE U.S. DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH & HUMAN SERVICES Forty-four evidence based programs Used in elementary education, middle school education, and high school education has identified 44 evidence-based curricula that are effective at preventing teen pregnancies, reducing sexually transmitted infections, or reducing rates of associated sexual risk behaviors — sexual activity and number of partners — as well as increasing contraceptive use. These curricula are used in community based organizations (CBOs), elementary schools, middle schools, high schools, and youth detention facilities (DHHS, 2016). THE U.S. DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH & HUMAN SERVICES

Literature Review

What is wrong with sex education in the United States? No national regulation on sex education Ineffective curricula taught in schools Lack of LGBTQ+ inclusion Carly

#MySexEd ****FORMAT SUCKS I KNOW, just not sure how to set this up in order to look more uniform or pleasant to the eye, so if anyone has suggestions please let me know******* Reference: https://www.glsen.org/blog/8-tweets-show-what-sex-ed-really-looks

LGBTQ+ Stigma Lack of sex education Infectious diseases Underrepresentation Lack of sex education Infectious diseases https://www.plannedparenthoodaction.org/issues/sex-education/sex-education-laws-and-state-attacks Diorio, J. (2016). Changing Discourse, Learning Sex, and Non-coital Heterosexuality. Sexuality & Culture, 20(4), 841–861. doi:10.1007/s12119-016-9359-9 Gordon, R., & Gere, D. (2016). Sex Squad: engaging humour to reinvigorate sexual health education. Sex Education, 16(3), 324–336. Doi: 10.1080/14681811.2015.1120193. Lapointe, A. (2014). Gay–straight alliance (GSA) members’ engagement with sex education in Canadian high schools. Sex Education, 14(6), 707–717. doi: 10.1080/14681811.2014.914024. OVERWHELMING underrepresentation Only nine states require a discussion on LGBTQ+ identities Seven southern states PROHIBIT the discussion Either misinformed or NOT informed Lack of education on STI/STDs (Sexually Transmitted Infections/Diseases) Need allies LGBTQ+

What’s working? Comprehensive School Programs (Fonner, 2014) Online Programs (Mustanski, Greene, Ryan, & Whitton, 2015) Educators - Nurses (Borawski, Tufts, Trapl, Hayman, Yoder, & Lovegreen, 2015) Abbey Comprehensive School Programs (Fonner, 2014) Students gain a greater knowledge of safe sex - HIV awareness, contraceptives (condoms and birth control) Students also have fewer sexual partners Online Programs (Mustanski, Greene, Ryan, & Whitton, 2015)) Comfortable and safer educational environment In a study of 202 LGBTQ participants, pre/post test show a significant differences in increased sexual safety, relationship communication, and lower sexually transmitted diseases Educators - Nurses (Borawski, Tufts, Trapl, Hayman, Yoder, & Lovegreen, 2015) In a study of approximately 1,300 students participated in a study in which three different kind of groups existed including a group taught by nurses, taught by teachers, and a control group. This research shows that nurses may be the better instructors of the sexual education program in schools.

Proposal: Program Evaluation Participants: N = 100, (18-21) marie population; 100 college freshman

Implications Advocacy for evidence based program curriculum Promoting awareness and wellness within LGBTQ+ community Advocacy for standardized sex education in all schools Everyone!!!! As future counselors who plan to work with a younger population…. - this is what we are hoping our study will change - this is how we can use the results from our study

References Diorio, J. (2016). Changing Discourse, Learning Sex, and Non-coital Heterosexuality. Sexuality & Culture, 20(4), 841–861. doi:10.1007/s12119-016-9359-9 Douglas Kirby PhD (2007) Abstinence, Sex, and STD/HIV Education Programs for Teens: Their Impact on Sexual Behavior, Pregnancy, and Sexually Transmitted Disease, Annual Review of Sex Research, 18:1, 143-177, DOI: 10.1080/10532528.2007.10559850 Gordon, R., & Gere, D. (2016). Sex Squad: engaging humor to reinvigorate sexual health education. Sex Education, 16(3), 324–336. Doi: 10.1080/14681811.2015.1120193. Lapointe, A. (2014). Gay–straight alliance (GSA) members’ engagement with sex education in Canadian high schools. Sex Education, 14(6), 707–717. doi: 10.1080/14681811.2014.914024 Plannedparenthood.org. (2017). Planned Parenthood at a Glance. [online] Available at: https://www.plannedparenthood.org/about-us/who-we-are/planned-parenthood-at-a-glance [Accessed 12 April. 2019].