CHAPTER 12 SECTION THREE NATIONALISM IN INDIA

H-SS 10.4 Students analyze patterns of global change in the era of New Imperialism in at least two of the following regions or countries: Africa, Southeast Asia, China, India, Latin America, and the Philippines.

The end of World War and the resulting British weakness, leads to Indian Independence.

World War I Many Indians fight for British army and expect political equality when they return. When Britain proposes only a few minor reforms, Indians demand independence

1918 The Rowlatt Act suppresses independence movement through denial of right to trial 1919 Amritsar Massacre peaceful political protest ends in death of 400 and wounding of 1200 India explodes in protest and violence

Mohandas K. Gandhi arises as leader of Indian Independence movement Known as Mahatma or “Great Soul” Combines traditional Hindu philosophy with western political and religious beliefs

Ahimsa- Hindu doctrine of non-violence that inspired Gandhi Before Gandhi, most Congress members were Western-educated elites

Gandhi united all classes of Indians He rejected the caste system and its harsh treatment of untouchables

Gandhi’s strategy of nonviolent revolution “soul-force” v “body- force Civil disobedience Boycotts Non-cooperation: taxes, elections, etc.

Sit-down strikes Hunger strikes 1930-The Salt March -to stand against British oppression.

1935 Britain passes Government of Indian Act India promised Home Rule 1939-britain postpones independence and brings India into World War II. Indian leaders outraged

Tensions between Muslims and Hindus remain high Full independence and partition waits until 1949

GANDHI