a–c) Chest computed tomography excluding acute lung embolism and parenchymal lung disease and d–g) echocardiography performed during diagnostic work-up in a patient with pulmonary arterial hypertension with right heart failure and active systemic lupus eryt... a–c) Chest computed tomography excluding acute lung embolism and parenchymal lung disease and d–g) echocardiography performed during diagnostic work-up in a patient with pulmonary arterial hypertension with right heart failure and active systemic lupus erythematosus (case study 1). d) Elevated tricuspid regurgitant jet velocity; e) reduced TAPSE; f) dilated VCI. TAPSE: tricuspid annular plane systolic excursion; VCI: vena cava inferior. Karen M. Olsson, and Massimiliano Palazzini Eur Respir Rev 2015;24:674-681 ©2015 by European Respiratory Society