PURPLE BOOK PAGE 14 NUMBER 5 BELLWORK PURPLE BOOK PAGE 14 NUMBER 5

English II Text Structures IIB

Author’s Purpose: a writer’s reason for writing. The author ALWAYS has a reason for writing. Examples of Author’s Purpose To entertain To instruct To inform To inspire To persuade To complain To explain To encourage

Text Structure: the way information is presented or organized. Each text structure helps an author to achieve his or her purpose for writing. Examples of Text Structures Description Chronological order Comparing or contrasting Cause and effect Process Problem and solution

Description: Using details or imagery to present information. Sometimes the author may use a description “to emphasize” something. This means he/she maybe be trying to stress or call attention to something in the passage. Purple book pages 88-90.

Compare (Similarities) and Contrast (Differences): To show how things are alike or different. Clues However Although On the other hand Yet As opposed In the same way But Like Different Similarly Purple book pages 92-93.

or Chronological Order : Sequential Order or Chronological Order : giving events in the order that they occurred in time. Used for narrating a story or writing a biography. Clues would be words like first, then, next, after, before, and last. Dates may also be used. Purpose is usually to build on events as they occurred, which in some cases also builds suspense.

Process or Procedural Order : giving the steps of a process in the order they should be performed. Similar to sequential order but instead of giving events in the order that they occurred, a writer explains the steps of a process in the order they should be performed.

Order of Importance: organizing details, reasons, etc. in the order of their importance. Either from most important to least important or from least important to most important. Often seen in persuasive writing.

Spatial Order : organizing the description of items according to their position or closeness to each other. Could be used to describe a room that acts as a setting in a narrative. Purple book pages 97-98.

Cause & Effect: a relationship that explains how one thing makes something else happen. Can be stated or implied. The cause answers the question “Why did this happen?” because (the) cause is Due to First For Since Keywords for causes

Cause & Effect: (continued) The effect answers the question “What happened as a result?” As a result Consequently Resulted in (the) result is Therefore Thus Keywords for effects

Problem & Solution: Giving a conflict or issue (the problem) and its answer (the solution). The problem can be a conflict or some other kind of issue. The solution can be an answer or a resolution to the problem. Purple book page 101.

Reading 2 passages: Sometimes an author may choose one type of organization over another for a specific purpose. And sometimes the 2 passages are not related.

Reading 2 passages: (tip) Read the first passage. Identify the text structure . Look at your answer choices and cross off any choices that do not match the passage. Then read the second passage and identify its text structure. Look at your remaining answer choices . The correct answer SHOULD be obvious.  Purple book page 103-105.

Possible test questions How does the organizational structure of this paragraph support the author’s purpose? How does the organizational structure of this paragraph relate to the author’s purpose? How does the organizational structure of this passage help convey the author’s purpose? How does the descriptive information in lines 1-42 support the author’s purpose in the passage?

Possible test questions (continued) Which statement below accurately evaluates the organizational structures of the excerpts? How do the organizational structures of the excerpts support the author’s purpose? In comparing the two paragraphs above, how does structure support the meaning of the texts?

Terms Vulnerable Reveals Visualize Justifies Persuasive tone Appreciate Chronology Classify Objective Sincere Emphasize Demonstrate facets Regarding Commonalities Conveys Intimidate Isolation Illuminate Highlights Consequences Clarifies

Mississippi SATP English II Revised: Multiple Choice Student Review Guide for Vocabulary/Reading