5.2.0 Homologous Series Chemical Families.

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Presentation transcript:

5.2.0 Homologous Series Chemical Families

Like families they have things in common but they are not identical All the members of each homologous series have 5 things in common

1. Same General Formula Alkenes CnH2n Alkynes CnH2n-2 e.g. Alkanes are CnH2n+2 [n is any whole number greater than 0] This is an alkane CH4 ; C2H6 ; C3H8 ; C4H10 etc Alkenes CnH2n Alkynes CnH2n-2 Alcohols CnH2n+1OH

2. Differ by CH2 Diagrams of methane ethane and propane

3. Same Functional Group Functional Group is The group of atoms that gives the Homologous Series its main characteristics [or properties.]

1. Alkane C

2. Alkene C

3. Alkyne C

4. Alcohol C OH

5. Aldehyde C O H

6. Ketone C O C

7. Carboxylic Acid C O OH

8. Ester O C C O C

4. Similar Chemical Properties Their chemical properties are similar NOT the same Their properties change gradually As the carbon chain gets longer they tend to become less reactive

5. Similar Physical Properties Their physical properties change gradually E.g. Melting Point, Boiling Point, solubility, density, viscosity As the carbon chain gets longer their MP and BP get higher, density increases, solubility decreases, viscosity increases

Test What five things do homologous series have in common? [5] What happens to (a) BP and (b)MP and (c) reactivity (d) solubility as the carbon chain gets longer chain gets longer? [4] Give the functional group of the following series (a) aldehydes (b) alkenes (c) alkynes (d) alcohols (e) carboxylic acids [5] Give the general formula a) aldehydes (b) alkenes (c) alkynes (d) alcohols [5] What is a functional group? [2]

Test What five things do homologous series have in common? [5] same general formula / differ by CH2 / same functional group / similar chemical and / physical properties What happens to (a) BP and (b)MP and (c) reactivity (d) solubility as the carbon chain gets longer ? [4] up / up / down / down Give the functional group of the following series (a) aldehydes (b) alkenes (c) alkynes (d) alcohols (e) carboxylic acids [5] –CHO / -C=C- / -C≡C -/ -OH /-COOH

Give the general formula a) aldehydes (b) alkenes (c) alkynes (d) alcohols [4] CnH2n+1CHO / n = 0 or whole number / CnH2n / CnH2n-2 / CnH2n+1OH What is a functional group? [2] Group of atoms / gives main characteristics