Prediction of Cell Alignment on Cyclically Strained Grooved Substrates Tommaso Ristori, Andrea Vigliotti, Frank P.T. Baaijens, Sandra Loerakker, Vikram S. Deshpande  Biophysical Journal  Volume 111, Issue 10, Pages 2274-2285 (November 2016) DOI: 10.1016/j.bpj.2016.09.052 Copyright © 2016 Biophysical Society Terms and Conditions

Figure 1 Scheme of the 1D substrate (with ridges and grooves) and cell (with FAs and SFs). To see this figure in color, go online. Biophysical Journal 2016 111, 2274-2285DOI: (10.1016/j.bpj.2016.09.052) Copyright © 2016 Biophysical Society Terms and Conditions

Figure 2 (a and b) Profile of the signal S on a pitch for a full period of 1 s, for different groove sizes. (c and d) Signal S in the middle of the groove for different groove sizes just after the initiation of the signal. The value t = 0 s corresponds to the moment of initiation of the signal. To see this figure in color, go online. Biophysical Journal 2016 111, 2274-2285DOI: (10.1016/j.bpj.2016.09.052) Copyright © 2016 Biophysical Society Terms and Conditions

Figure 3 (a–d) Representation of values of the SF activation level for the direction parallel (η90, green) and perpendicular (η0, blue) to the grooves and spatial distribution of C∞ (red) for different pitch sizes and strain amplitudes. To see this figure in color, go online. Biophysical Journal 2016 111, 2274-2285DOI: (10.1016/j.bpj.2016.09.052) Copyright © 2016 Biophysical Society Terms and Conditions

Figure 4 (a–h) Representation of the SF activation level on a square of dimension 2L0×2L0. The model is explicitly 1D, in x1, and assumes constant levels of SFs and FAs in x2. The x2 dimension is added here for clarity. The values of the SF activation level for the direction perpendicular (η0, first and third columns) and parallel (η90, second and fourth columns) to the grooves are shown for different groove sizes and strain amplitudes. (Dashed lines) Direction of the grooves; (solid lines) direction of the represented SF activation level. To see this figure in color, go online. Biophysical Journal 2016 111, 2274-2285DOI: (10.1016/j.bpj.2016.09.052) Copyright © 2016 Biophysical Society Terms and Conditions

Figure 5 Overview of the results for different pitch sizes and strain amplitudes. The vertical and horizontal lines are proportional to the average of, respectively, η90 and η0 along their particular direction, where x1=L0/4 was chosen as a representative location for η90. In addition, the average of η0 was set to zero if η0=0 in the middle of the grooves, as SFs are not able to form when the activation level is discontinuous. Biophysical Journal 2016 111, 2274-2285DOI: (10.1016/j.bpj.2016.09.052) Copyright © 2016 Biophysical Society Terms and Conditions

Figure 6 (a and b) Representation of the values of the SF activation level for the direction parallel (η90, green) and perpendicular (η0, blue) to the grooves and the spatial distribution of C∞ (red) for L0=0.2μm and for different strain amplitudes. To see this figure in color, go online. Biophysical Journal 2016 111, 2274-2285DOI: (10.1016/j.bpj.2016.09.052) Copyright © 2016 Biophysical Society Terms and Conditions