Leader as an integrity builder Achala Dahal/ Shiva Hari Adhikari

Session Outlines Factors influencing integrity Integrity leader/ integrity builder Solving integrity problem Compliance vs. Integrity

A thought……. 10/14/2019

Key Questions Am I giving my best? How potential am I? Am I am performing with my full potentiality? What is my approach of decision making? Am I guided with public interest? Am I giving my best? Am I willing to stand up for and defend what is right? Will my action or decisions be in the interest of or for the greatest good for the greatest number? How do I decide upon ethical dilemma?

Integrity Building: Philosophical Aspect

Deontological Rule-based approach, focusing on obligation and duty, similar to the orientation found in the Geeta. Since attention is directed to the act itself, this approach is non-consequentialist. Do the right thing. Do it because it's the right thing to do. Don't do wrong things. Avoid them because they are wrong. FOCUS: WHAT IS RIGHT

Teleological An approach that focuses on the consequences of the action, one that conceives of ethics as concerned with measuring the amount of goodness, or badness, arising from behavior. Attention is directed towards assessing the consequences of a particular action rather than examining the act itself. FOCUS: WHAT IS GOOD

Existential Attention is directed squarely on the individual. Concepts such as authenticity, which refers to how true the person is to himself or herself, integrity, and genuine-ness are factors that must be considered in judging each individual act at that particular time within the context of the unique circumstances prevailing. FOCUS: WHAT IS AUTHENTIC

Existentialism Attention on individual Integrity True to self Consistent Authentic Focus: what is authentic

Foundation of Integrity For individual For institution

Individual Values/ Loyalties Ancestors Values Social Values Professional Values Source : Leading innovation - Marshall Ganz and Ronald Heifetz

Core governance institutions Public sector agencies T, A and I Resources Independence Non-governmental actors

Factors Influencing Integrity Individual Factors Social Factors Contextual Factors Values Ethics Moral principle Knowledge/ Experience Personal goal Personality Social relations Culture Religion MY CHOICE Politicial Economic Legal Technological Powers

Integrity Leader and Integrity Builder

Recall the characteristics of the leader who you find with high integrity. Is it enough?

Integrity Leader and Builder Consistency in actions Committed to do the right thing for the right reason. Shows concerns on public interest Transparency Believes in zero tolerance to corruption Establishes and constructs ethical culture Communicates and follows ethical standards consistently Innovates and takes risk Shows courage Integrity Builder

Core Characteristics of Toxic Leader  the capacity to work effectively within organizations. It involves understanding how institutions work and knowing how best to foster  1. Commitment to public interest 1. Commitment to public interest 2. Incorruptibility 2. Incorruptibility 4. Experimentation 3. Consistency of goal 6. Institutional intelligence 5. Competence

Core Characteristics of Popular and Self-serving Leader 1. Commitment to public interest 1. Commitment to public interest 2. Incorruptibility 2. Incorruptibility 4. Experimentation 3. Consistency of goal 6. Institutional intelligence 5. Competence

Core Characteristics of Integrity Builder 1. Commitment to public interest 2. Incorruptibility 4. Experimentation 3. Consistency of goal 6. Institutional intelligence 5. Competence

Integrity Building Approaches A lawyer’s approach Toughening laws & legislations A businessman’s approach Offering incentives to officials to disengage from corruption (buy out corruption). A market or an economist’s approach Introduce or increase competition An institutional approach Genuine political/leadership commitment

Integrity Building: Compliance vs Integrity Approach When going on the journey of integrity leader has to choose various approaches Based on compliance (reactive and proactive) Based on integrity building (reactive and proactive)

Compliance Approach  A Compliance Approach to reducing corruption and/or solving integrity or ethical challenges is characterized by being: • Rules-based • Focused on the application and enforcement of rules and procedures • Adversarial: naming, shaming, litigation • Problem-focused • Less Discretion

Integrity Approach  The Integrity Approach to reducing corruption and/or solving integrity or ethical challenges is characterized by being: • Values-based • Aware of discrepancies between policies, rules and laws, and its implementation • Collaboration-focused • Solution-focused • More discretion

Reactive Proactive Compliance Integrity Community Integrity Building Compliance training Integrity testing Zero tolerance policy Code of Conduct Business Collective Action Supplier “white lists” Rewards to whistle-blowers Integrity Pact Medium return, Medium risk Community Integrity Building Multi-stakeholder initiatives with oversight Integrity as competitive differentiator Holistic/step change High return, High risk The Integrity Pact, developed by Transparency International, is a tool for preventing corruption, mainly used in public contracting. It is essentially an agreement between the government agency offering a contract and the companies bidding for it, that they will abstain from bribery, collusion and other corrupt practices for the extent of the contract.  Most Integrity Pacts rely on digitally-based procedures to prevent direct contact between bidders with their bids, and the persons involved in the decision-making process.  To ensure accountability, Integrity Pacts also include a monitoring system typically led by civil society or other external groups. Ethics advice center Ethics officer Code of Ethics Compliance-plus ethics Low return, Low risk Whistle-blower hotline Whistle-blower protection Supplier “black lists” Low return, Low risk Compliance Integrity Adopted from Integrity Action

Reactive Proactive Compliance Integrity Community Integrity Building Compliance training Integrity testing Zero tolerance policy Code of Conduct Business Collective Action Supplier “white lists” Rewards to whistle-blowers Integrity Pact Medium return, Medium risk Community Integrity Building Multi-stakeholder initiatives with oversight Integrity as competitive differentiator Holistic/step change High return, High risk The Integrity Pact, developed by Transparency International, is a tool for preventing corruption, mainly used in public contracting. It is essentially an agreement between the government agency offering a contract and the companies bidding for it, that they will abstain from bribery, collusion and other corrupt practices for the extent of the contract.  Most Integrity Pacts rely on digitally-based procedures to prevent direct contact between bidders with their bids, and the persons involved in the decision-making process.  To ensure accountability, Integrity Pacts also include a monitoring system typically led by civil society or other external groups. Ethics advice center Ethics officer Code of Ethics Compliance-plus ethics Low return, Low risk Whistle-blower hotline Whistle-blower protection Supplier “black lists” Low return, Low risk Compliance Integrity Adopted from Integrity Action

Take Away Think about your decision or action; Know and act on what is right or good at work; Several factors may play a role in integrity; and No single quadrant/approach is enough.

Thank you