Fig. 3 Mechanical properties of anti-freezing click-ionogels at low temperatures. Mechanical properties of anti-freezing click-ionogels at low temperatures.

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Fig. 3 Mechanical properties of anti-freezing click-ionogels at low temperatures. Mechanical properties of anti-freezing click-ionogels at low temperatures. (A) Photographs of a click-ionogel stretched above liquid nitrogen (about −50°C). (B) Tensile stress-strain and (C) compressive stress-strain curves for the click-ionogels from −40° to 0°C. (D) Storage moduli (G′) and loss moduli (G″) of hydrogels from −30°C to 100° and the click-ionogels from −80° to 180°C. (E) Dynamic scanning calorimetry (DSC) results of neat IL-BF4, dry polymer (drying the click-ionogel when the solvent is methanol), click-ionogel, and hydrogel between −100° and 20°C. The inset is the spectra enlargement of the dry polymer and click-ionogels. (F) Schematic hydrogen bonds between IL-BF4 and PEGDA segments. (G) 1H NMR spectra of IL-BF4, PEGDA, and IL-BF4/PEGDA. Photo credit: Yongyuan Ren, Soochow University. Yongyuan Ren et al. Sci Adv 2019;5:eaax0648 Copyright © 2019 The Authors, some rights reserved; exclusive licensee American Association for the Advancement of Science. No claim to original U.S. Government Works. Distributed under a Creative Commons Attribution NonCommercial License 4.0 (CC BY-NC).