Inflammation-induced tumorigenesis is commensal dependent.

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Inflammation-induced tumorigenesis is commensal dependent. Inflammation-induced tumorigenesis is commensal dependent. (A) Mice were injected with azoxymethane (AOM) on day 1, followed by 3 subsequent rounds of water-administered 2% DSS. Colons were harvested 73 days after AOM, and tumors were grossly counted. Black wedges indicate fecal samples used for gut microbiome analysis (n = 12). (B) Representative mice were euthanized following each round of DSS to identify macroscopic tumors (n = 5 for each time point). An antibiotic cocktail of metronidazole, streptomycin, and vancomycin was administered in the drinking water of a separate cohort of mice for the duration of the model (n = 9). Statistical analysis was performed using a two-tailed Student’s t test. *, P < 0.01. (C) Representative images of tumors in the distal colon of conventional mice treated with AOM/DSS (n = 12) and mice treated with an antibiotic cocktail and AOM/DSS (n = 9). Error bars represent ±SEM. Joseph P. Zackular et al. mBio 2013; doi:10.1128/mBio.00692-13