Cancer Cells Packet # 6.

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Presentation transcript:

Cancer Cells Packet # 6

Introduction Tumors occur when cells continue to divide non-stop. These cells that divide non-stop are cancer cells. Cells are designed with mechanisms to them from continually dividing (i.e. during the cell cycle.) They stop dividing when the replicated DNA is not correct. Destruction of these defective cells is accomplished via apoptosis.

Apoptosis Programmed cell death Cell shrinks and condenses Nuclear envelope disassembles Nuclear DNA is broken up into fragments Two mechanisms for carrying out apoptosis will be discussed Suicide genes Lysosomes Apoptosis “Suicide” genes Lysosomes Accomplished via Page 586 Friday, October 18, 2019

“Suicide” Genes Proliferation genes (gas) are genes that promote cell division Anti-proliferation genes (brakes) are genes that stop cell division in the event errors within DNA strands are found. If there is a mutation in the either the proliferation genes or anti- proliferation genes, the cells divide non-stop and form a tumor which could become cancerous. More on mutations later. More to come in AP Biology Friday, October 18, 2019

Lysosome The lysosome contains digestive enzymes that can be used to destroy the entire cell when it is called upon. When activated, the entire cell is destroyed. Possibly activated by anti- proliferation genes.

What If…

What If? If the cell’s machinery bypasses the genes, and the lysosome, the last available option to destroy cancer cells is via the Immune System. White blood cells These cells are capable of recognizing cells that have become tumorous and that are multiplying out of control.

Review

Review 1 & 2 Apoptosis Accomplished via “Suicide” genes Lysosomes **White Blood Cells