wikiKnows a Qustion Answering System based on Wikipedia Knowledge Qingxia Liu, YaweiSun, Jing Qian, Linfeng Shi, Yong Wang 2015/12/28

(ranking, filtering, verification) wikiKnows NL Question skeleton AQG Skeleton Analyzer Task Decomposer subtasks SPARQL Searching (e.g. “Father of Singapore”) Wikipedia Knowledge (pages, DBpedia) Task Solver Result Collector (ranking, filtering, verification) Results

Framework Status Strategy Example Analogy with Human NL question Abstract Query Graph Preliminary SPARQL Final SPARQLs Who killed John Lennon? Person John Lennon ?x killed select ?v0 where { res:John_Lennon dbo:killedBy ?v0 . ?v0 rdf:type dbo:Person. } ?v0 dbp:conviction res:Death_of_John_Lennon. syntactical, semantical understanding of NL (rules + basic NL analyzer) (consistant with the ontology, but may be not connected in the instance graph) (executable and could get the right answer) (determine the role of each meaningful phrases) (user input, a complete sentence) linking phrases to entity, class, property (ontology + node info) Ordinary People (Literal understanding) Ontology Expert (loose coupling with KB) Data Manager (tight coupling with KB) split phrases & convert linkings according to the context (connectivity in KB) 同样的知识可以以多种不同的形式组织，一系列的演化，得到与KB的组织形式相吻合的SPARQL;

Preliminary Result on 20 Questions (AQG & SPARQL Construction)

20 Simple Questions (Questions without aggregation, clause) 4. Which animals are critically endangered? 5. Which soccer players were born on Malta? 6. Did Arnold Schwarzenegger attend a university? 7. Which programming languages were influenced by Perl? 8. Is Barack Obama a democrat? 11. Who killed John Lennon? 12. In which city is Air China headquartered? 16. Which types of grapes grow in Oregon? 18. Who is the manager of Real Madrid? 19. Give me the currency of China. 29. Give me all Swiss non-profit organizations. 30. In which country is Mecca located? 31. What is the net income of Apple? 32. What does the abbreviation FIFA stand for? 33. When did the Ming dynasty dissolve? 36. Desserts from which country contain fish? 39. Which Greek parties are pro-European? 41. Who is the mayor of Rotterdam? 44. Are Taiko a kind of Japanese musical instruments? 47. Who were the parents of Queen Victoria? Problems: un-realize of role; long phrases; Problems: Linking Failure i (4), c(2), p (5) Strange Structure of KB (1) http://114.212.86.118:8080/wikiKnows/index.jsp

Thank you~

Result on AQG Converting good: 14 partial: 6 unrealize of element role e.g. Arnold Schwarzenegger -- attend -- a university (could repair using linking result) e.g. Barack Obama -- ? -- a democrat e.g. ? -- ? -- pro-European need split e.g. class: types of grapes (could repair by rule) e.g. Swiss non-profit organizations e.g. the abbrivation FIFA 由于attend对应不到property，而university的首选是property，就移动到了prop上; when

Result on SPARQL Generating good: 3 Give me the currency of China. SELECT DISTINCT ?v0 WHERE { <http://dbpedia.org/resource/China> <http://dbpedia.org/ontology/currency> ?v0 . } Who were the parents of Queen Victoria? WHERE { <http://dbpedia.org/resource/Queen_Victoria> <http://dbpedia.org/ontology/parent> ?v0 . { ?v0 <http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#type> <http://dbpedia.org/ontology/Person> .} UNION { ?v0 <http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#type> <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/Person> .} UNION { ?v0 <http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#type> <http://www.ontologydesignpatterns.org/ont/dul/DUL.owl#Person> .} } Who is the manager of Real Madrid? (succeed after using redirects) link to the wrong entity of the same class, only could disambiguation by text info Real Madrid -> dbr:Real_Madrid.C (“commonly konwn as Real Madrid C”) correct: dbr:Real_Madrid.C.F “commonly konwn as Real Madrid”

Result on SPARQL Generating partial: 4 Which animals are critically endangered? (3/1645) SELECT DISTINCT ?v0 WHERE { ?v0 ?p0 <http://dbpedia.org/resource/Critically_endangered> ; <http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#type> <http://dbpedia.org/ontology/Animal> . } Which soccer players were born on Malta? (89/236) WHERE { ?v0 <http://dbpedia.org/ontology/birthPlace> <http://dbpedia.org/resource/Malta> ; <http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#type> <http://dbpedia.org/ontology/SoccerPlayer> . } problem: lost dbp:birthPlace, dbp:placeOfBirth Which programming languages were influenced by Perl? (16/17) WHERE { ?v0 <http://dbpedia.org/ontology/influencedBy> <http://dbpedia.org/resource/Perl> ; <http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#type> <http://dbpedia.org/ontology/ProgrammingLanguage> . } problem: lost dbo:influenced Which types of grapes grow in Oregon? (3/34) WHERE { ?v0 ?p0 <http://dbpedia.org/resource/Oregon> ; <http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#type> <http://dbpedia.org/ontology/Grape> . }

Result on SPARQL Generating wrong: 13 Linking error on Instance (5-1) What is the net income of Apple? side-effect of reranking by label similarity <http://dbpedia.org/resource/Apple> <http://dbpedia.org/ontology/netIncome> ?v0 . correct: dbr:Apple_Inc. Is Barack Obama a democrat? couldn’t understand democrat ASK WHERE { <http://dbpedia.org/resource/Barack_Obama> ?p0 <http://dbpedia.org/resource/Mount_Democrat> . } correct: dbr:Democratic_Party_(United_States) What does the abbreviation FIFA stand for? need split on “the abbreviation FIFA” <http://dbpedia.org/resource/Abbreviation> <http://dbpedia.org/ontology/administrativeHeadCity> ?v0 . correct: {res:FIFA dbp:name ?name . } / {?s dbo:abbreviation "FIFA"^^<http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#string>. ?s dbp:name ?o. } Which Greek parties are pro-European? couldn’t understand pro-European (“pro” is too frequent in instances, European couldn’t convert to Europeanism by WordNet) ?v0 ?p0 <http://dbpedia.org/resource/Perrier_European_Pro-Am> . { ?v0 <http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#type> <http://dbpedia.org/ontology/PoliticalParty> .} UNION ... correct: dbr:Pro-Europeanism

Result on SPARQL Generating wrong: 13 (con.) Strange structure in KB (1) Who killed John Lennon? linkings are unconnected (and there’s no 1-step path between dbr:John_Lennon and res:Death_of_John_Lennon) <http://dbpedia.org/resource/John_Lennon> <http://dbpedia.org/ontology/killedBy> ?v0 . correct: ?v0 dbp:conviction res:Death_of_John_Lennon Linking error on Class (2) Give me all Swiss non-profit organizations. need split on “Swiss non-profit organizations” SELECT DISTINCT ?v0 WHERE { ?v0 ?p0 <http://dbpedia.org/resource/Swiss_Communist_Organization> . } Are Taiko a kind of Japanese musical instruments? should link to yago type, yago:JapaneseMusicalInstruments ASK WHERE { {dbr:Taiko a <http://dbpedia.org/ontology/Instrument> .} UNION {dbr:Taiko a <http://dbpedia.org/ontology/Musical> .} UNION {dbr:Taiko a <http://dbpedia.org/ontology/MusicalArtist> .} UNION {dbr:Taiko a <http://dbpedia.org/ontology/MusicalWork> .} UNION {dbr:Taiko a <http://dbpedia.org/ontology/MusicGenre> .} }

Result on SPARQL Generating wrong: 13 (con.) Linking error on Property (5) Did Arnold Schwarzenegger attend a university? ASK WHERE { <http://dbpedia.org/resource/Arnold_Schwarzenegger> <http://dbpedia.org/ontology/university> ?v1 . } correct: dbo:alaMater In which city is Air China headquartered? SELECT DISTINCT ?v0 WHERE { <http://dbpedia.org/resource/Air_China> <http://dbpedia.org/ontology/headquarter> ?v0 . ?v0 a <http://dbpedia.org/ontology/City> . } correct: dbp:headquaters, yago:City108524735 In which country is Mecca located? WHERE { <http://dbpedia.org/resource/Mecca> <http://dbpedia.org/ontology/locatedInArea> ?v0 . ?v0 <http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#type> <http://dbpedia.org/ontology/Country> . } correct: dbo:country When did the Ming dynasty dissolve? couldn’t understand dissolve (type constraints are generated by “When”) WHERE { <http://dbpedia.org/resource/Ming_dynasty> ?p0 ?v0 . { ?v0 <http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#type> <http://dbpedia.org/ontology/Year> .} UNION { ?v0 <http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#type> <http://dbpedia.org/ontology/YearInSpaceflight> .} UNION { ?v0 <http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#type> <http://dbpedia.org/ontology/NationalFootballLeagueEvent> .} UNION { ?v0 <http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#type> <http://dbpedia.org/ontology/SnookerWorldRanking> .} UNION { ?v0 <http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#type> <http://purl.org/dc/terms/W3CDTF> .} } correct: dbo:yearEnd Who is the mayor of Rotterdam? <http://dbpedia.org/resource/Rotterdam> <http://dbpedia.org/ontology/mayor> ?v0 correct: dbo:leaderName, dbp:leaderName

Which animals are critically endangered?

Which soccer players were born on Malta?

Did Arnold Schwarzenegger attend a university?

Which programming languages were influenced by Perl?

Is Barack Obama a democrat?

Who killed John Lennon?

In which city is Air China headquartered?

Which types of grapes grow in Oregon?

Who is the manager of Real Madrid?

Give me the currency of China.

Give me all Swiss non-profit organizations.

In which country is Mecca located?

What is the net income of Apple?

What does the abbreviation FIFA stand for?

When did the Ming dynasty dissolve?

Desserts from which country contain fish?

Which Greek parties are pro-European?

Who is the mayor of Rotterdam?

Are Taiko a kind of Japanese musical instruments?

Who were the parents of Queen Victoria?

Who directed the Nutty Professor

Who first voiced Meg on Family Guy? Who is the director of The Nutty Professor?

What is the capital of Texas?

of which country does Austin be the state capital?