Sensitivity to “sunk costs” in mice, rats, and humans

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Presentation transcript:

Sensitivity to “sunk costs” in mice, rats, and humans by Brian M. Sweis, Samantha V. Abram, Brandy J. Schmidt, Kelsey D. Seeland, Angus W. MacDonald, Mark J. Thomas, and A. David Redish Science Volume 361(6398):178-181 July 13, 2018 Copyright © 2018 The Authors, some rights reserved; exclusive licensee American Association for the Advancement of Science. No claim to original U.S. Government Works

Fig. 1 Task schematics. Task schematics. (A) In the Restaurant Row task, food-restricted rodents were trained on a maze in which they encountered serial offers for flavored rewards in four “restaurants.” Each restaurant contained a separate offer zone and wait zone. Tones sounded in the offer zone; a fixed tone pitch indicated the delay for which rodents would have to wait in the wait zone (1 to 30 s, random on offer entry). Tone pitch descended in the wait zone during the delay “countdown.” Rodents could quit the wait zone for the next restaurant during the countdown, terminating the trial. (B) In the web-Surf task, humans performed an analogous 30-min computer-based foraging paradigm in which they encountered serial offers for short entertaining videos from four “galleries.” A static “download bar” appeared in the offer phase indicating delay length (1 to 30 s, random on offer entry), which did not begin downloading until after entering the wait phase. Downloads could be quit during the wait phase. Humans were also asked to rate each video on a scale from 1 (least enjoyable) to 4 (most enjoyable) after viewing and to rank the genres at the end of the session. Brian M. Sweis et al. Science 2018;361:178-181 Copyright © 2018 The Authors, some rights reserved; exclusive licensee American Association for the Advancement of Science. No claim to original U.S. Government Works

Fig. 2 The amount of time spent waiting increases commitment to continuing reward pursuit in mice, rats, and humans. The amount of time spent waiting increases commitment to continuing reward pursuit in mice, rats, and humans. (A to C) Probability of earning a reward in the wait zone as a function of countdown time remaining in (A) mice, (B) rats, and (C) humans. Black data points indicate trials in which subjects had just entered the wait zone. Colored data points indicate time remaining in the countdown after subjects had already waited varying times (fig. S3). Linear regressions are plotted with 95% confidence interval shadings. (D to F) Slopes calculated from each linear regression in (A) to (C) (“observed”) and slopes recalculated iteratively from black data points to match colored data ranges in (A) to (C) (“adjusted controls”) (fig. S5) are plotted ±1 SEM. The colored tick on the x axis indicates time in the wait zone until the first significant sunk cost effect was observed. ANOVAs were used to compare slopes of linear regression models, testing for interactions with sunk cost conditions and controls, correcting for multiple comparisons. Not significant (n.s.), P > 0.05; *P < 0.05; **P < 0.01; ***P < 0.001; ****P < 0.0001. Brian M. Sweis et al. Science 2018;361:178-181 Copyright © 2018 The Authors, some rights reserved; exclusive licensee American Association for the Advancement of Science. No claim to original U.S. Government Works

Fig. 3 Resources spent while deliberating do not contribute to the sunk cost effect. Resources spent while deliberating do not contribute to the sunk cost effect. (A to C) Amount of time spent in the offer zone choosing to skip versus to enter did not influence the probability of earning versus quitting once in the wait zone after subjects chose to enter (fig. S6). Linear regressions are plotted with 95% confidence interval shadings. (D) Slopes calculated from linear regressions are plotted ±1 SEM and are not significantly different from each other or zero in mice (F = 1.545, P = 0.229), rats (F = 0.767, P = 0.392), or humans (F = 0.117, P = 0.737), on the basis of an ANOVA with post-hoc comparisons against zero. n.s., P > 0.05. Brian M. Sweis et al. Science 2018;361:178-181 Copyright © 2018 The Authors, some rights reserved; exclusive licensee American Association for the Advancement of Science. No claim to original U.S. Government Works